The World of Mineral Deposits

Abstract

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Geochemistry Applied to the Exploration of Mineral Deposits

“…Mineral deposits can be classified from the genetic point of view into five main types: 1) deposits of magmatic segregation ((chromites, iron-titanium-vanadium (Fe-Ti-V), nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) sulfides, platinum group elements (PGEs), diamonds, carbonatites)), 2) pegmatite deposits (( tin-niobium-tantalum (Sn-Nb-Ta), uranium-thorium (U-Th), lithium (Li), rare earth elements (REE)), 3) hydrothermal deposits (volcanogenic massive sulfurs Cu-Zn-Pb, SEDEX Ag-Pb-Zn, Mississippi Valley type (MVT) Ag-Pb-Zn, epithermal Au-Ag, copper-molybdenum-gold (Cu-Mo-Au) porphyry, 4) metamorphic deposits (polymetallic Skarn, graphite), 5) sedimentary deposits ((placers, laterites, Banded Iron Formations (BIFs), Li brines, U in sandstones, among others)) [3,4].…”

“…If the pH is higher, various secondary minerals can be formed such as: chalcanthite (CuSO 4 ), azurite (Cu 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 ), malachite (Cu 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 ), including tenorite (CuO) at alkaline pH. This process is known as supergenic sulfide alteration and may be useful in geochemical prospecting for Cu sulfide mineral deposits [3,4].…”

Las alteraciones hidrotermales en las exploraciones geológicas por yacimientos tipo Skarn de Cobre‐Zinc

“…Maksaev et al (2001), indica que los skarn se caracterizan por contener minerales calcosilicatados; granates (andradita, grosularia, almandino), diópsido, wollastonita, tremolita-actinolita, esmectita, clorita, epidota, talco, entre otros. (Neukirchen & Ries, 2020), hacen una distincion entre skarns calcáreos, con granates (serie andradita-grosularita), clinopiroxenos (serie diópsido-hedenbergita), wollastonita, escafolita, Figura 2. E Sección geológica de la zona de skarn del depósito Longgen skarn Pb-Zn evolución y manifestación de la mineralización en el Endoskarn y Exoskarn.…”

“…Estos procesos están íntimamente vinculados al grado metamórfico y el desarrollo de un skarn ocurre en la escala metamórfica 1 es decir, en rocas metamórficas de grado medio a alto caracterizado por un rápido aumento de temperatura (400-700 ºC) a relativa escasa profundidad (0-15 Km) y baja presión (0-4kbar), formándose desde silicatos de Ca como cloritas, pasando por epidotas, Datos tomados de (Neukirchen & Ries, 2020) anfibolitas hasta granates, piroxenos, mármoles y hornfels (Zuo, et al, 2015).…”