The World Health Organization road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030: implications for onchocerciasis elimination programs

Vieri, Melissa Krizia; Logora, Makoy Yibi; Rafiq, Kamran; Colebunders, Robert

doi:10.1186/s40249-021-00848-x

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) has been used for decades in programs for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination, demonstrating an excellent safety profile (except where Loa loa is co-endemic), and high effectiveness against the target filarial parasites [ 6 , 7 ]. Ivermectin MDA is also increasingly being adopted for scabies control [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of preventive chemotherapy on Strongyloides stercoralis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Background Strongyloides stercoralis is a neglected soil-transmitted helminth (STH) that leads to significant morbidity in endemic populations. Infection with this helminth has recently been recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a major global health problem to be addressed with ivermectin preventive chemotherapy, and therefore, there is now, the need to develop guidelines for strongyloidiasis control that can be implemented by endemic countries. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ivermectin preventive chemotherapy (PC) on S. stercoralis prevalence in endemic areas to generate evidence that can inform global health policy. Methodology/Principal findings This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and LILACS for literature published between 1990 and 2022 and reporting prevalence of S. stercoralis before and after PC with ivermectin, administered either at school or at community level. The search strategy identified 933 records, eight of which were included in the meta-analysis. Data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two authors. Meta-analysis of studies based on fecal testing demonstrated a significant reduction of S. stercoralis prevalence after PC: prevalence Risk Ratio (RR) 0.18 (95% CI 0.14–0.23), I2 = 0. A similar trend was observed in studies that used serology for diagnosis: RR 0.35 (95% CI 0.26–0.48), I2 = 4.25%. A sensitivity analysis was carried out for fecal tests where low quality studies were removed, confirming a post-intervention reduction in prevalence. The impact of PC could not be evaluated at different time points or comparing annual vs biannual administration due to insufficient data. Conclusions/Significance Our findings demonstrate a significant decrease of S. stercoralis prevalence in areas where ivermectin PC has taken place, supporting the use of ivermectin PC in endemic areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of preventive chemotherapy on Strongyloides stercoralis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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“…NS was documented mainly in South Sudan, Uganda, and Tanzania. However, it was also reported in other Onchocerciasis endemic regions [1,7,9,16,17]. In fact, Ov infection might induce a broad spectrum of pathologies, termed together Onchocerciasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The affected children experience a complete and permanent stunting of growth and mental handicap [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 ]. While NS is still enigmatic, it is strongly associated with the parasitic worm OV [ 1 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 53 ]. Recently, it was shown that autoimmunity might drive the pathology of this disease [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies described several etiological factors that might contribute to the onset of this syndrome [ 2 , 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The most compelling data point to the association of NS with infection by the parasitic worm Onchocerca Volvulus (OV), transmitted to humans by female blackflies [ 1 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. NS was documented mainly in South Sudan, Uganda, and Tanzania.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Nodding syndrome

et al. 2021

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Nodding syndrome (NS) is a catastrophic and enigmatic childhood epilepsy, accompanied by multiple neurological impairments and neuroinflammation. Of all the infectious, environmental and psychological factors associated with NS, the major culprit is Onchocerca Volvulus (Ov)–a parasitic worm transmitted to human by blackflies. NS seems to be an ’Autoimmune Epilepsy’ in light of the recent findings of deleterious autoimmune antibodies to Glutamate receptors and to Leiomodin-I in NS patients. Moreover, we recently found immunogenetic fingerprints in HLA peptide-binding grooves associate with protection or susceptibility to NS. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an immune-regulatory cytokine playing a central role in modulating innate and adaptive immunity. MIF is also involved in various pathologies: infectious, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy and others. Herein, two functional polymorphisms in the MIF gene, a −794 CATT5–8 microsatellite repeat and a −173 G/C single-nucleotide polymorphism, were assessed in 49 NS patients and 51 healthy controls from South Sudan. We also measured MIF plasma levels in established NS patients and healthy controls. We discovered that the frequency of the high-expression MIF -173C containing genotype was significantly lower in NS patients compared to healthy controls. Interestingly however, MIF plasma levels were significantly elevated in NS patients than in healthy controls. We further demonstrated that the HLA protective and susceptibility associations are dominant over the MIF association with NS.Our findings suggest that MIF might have a dual role in NS. Genetically controlled high-expression MIF genotype is associated with disease protection. However, elevated MIF in the plasma may contribute to the detrimental autoimmunity, neuroinflammation and epilepsy.

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“…These chronic, disabling, and sometimes disfiguring diseases historically receive less attention compared to other diseases occurring in the same regions [3] . The World Health Organization (WHO) African region bears the greatest burden of NTDs, accounting for 40% of global cases as of 2022, excluding chagas disease [4] , and with the most countries experiencing a high NTD burden per million inhabitants [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control, elimination, and eradication efforts for neglected tropical diseases in the World Health Organization African region over the last 30 years: A scoping review

Wolfe,

Barry,

Campos

et al. 2024

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The World Health Organization road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030: implications for onchocerciasis elimination programs

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Impact of preventive chemotherapy on Strongyloides stercoralis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Impact of preventive chemotherapy on Strongyloides stercoralis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Nodding syndrome

Control, elimination, and eradication efforts for neglected tropical diseases in the World Health Organization African region over the last 30 years: A scoping review

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