The World as Will and Representation Volume 1

Norman, Judith; Welchman, Alistair; Janaway, Christopher

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511780943.007

Cited by 129 publications

(222 citation statements)

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“…More pointedly, both Schopenhauer (1844Schopenhauer ( /1966 and Freud (1905Freud ( /1961 maintained that people, eager to regard themselves as civilized and reasonable, repress the unsettling knowledge that sexual urges prompt much of their behavior. Earlier, La Rochefoucauld (1678Rochefoucauld ( /1827, in his celebrated volume of aphorisms, repeatedly emphasized how amour-propre prompted people to deceive both others and themselves.…”

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confidence: 99%

Self-Enhancement: Food for Thought

Sedikides¹,

Gregg

2008

Perspect Psychol Sci

666

467

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ABSTRACT-Self-enhancement denotes a class of psychological phenomena that involve taking a tendentiously positive view of oneself. We distinguish between four levels of self-enhancement-an observed effect, an ongoing process, a personality trait, and an underlying motiveand then use these distinctions to organize the wealth of relevant research. Furthermore, to render these distinctions intuitive, we draw an extended analogy between selfenhancement and the phenomenon of eating. Among the topics we address are (a) manifestations of self-enhancement, both obvious and subtle, and rival interpretations; (b) experimentally documented dynamics of affirming and threatening the ego; and (c) primacy of self-enhancement, considered alongside other intrapsychic phenomena, and across different cultures. Self-enhancement, like eating, is a fundamental part of human nature.Many thinkers have remarked that human beings hold an excessively flattering view of themselves and of things associated with the self.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Enhancement: Food for Thought

Sedikides¹,

Gregg

2008

Perspect Psychol Sci

666

467

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“…They are implicit in the title of Arthur Schopenhauer's major work, "World as Will and Representation" (Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung), 98 'World' being that particular representation (which Schopenhauer called 'The Veil of Maya', taking this term from Hindu philosophy) of Welt and Umwelt produced by the Mind (state 3). Friedrich Nietzsche 99 Downloaded by [University of Otago] at 00:21 14 July 2015 expressed a similar view, as indeed did Descartes before him, though perhaps not quite so forcefully (Seager 3 ).…”

Section: Downloaded By [University Of Otago] At 00:21 14 July 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural history of consciousness, and the question of whether plants are conscious, in relation to the Hameroff-Penrose quantum-physical ‘Orch OR’ theory of universal consciousness

Barlow

2015

Communicative & Integrative Biology

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Abbreviations used AP action potential, EEG electroencephalograph, EPD electrical potential difference, MAP microtubule-associated protein, MT microtubule, Orch OR orchestrated objective reduction Downloaded by [University of Otago] at 00:21 14 July 2015 2 2 Whether or not plants exhibit consciousness in the sense that they possess a 'sensation of self' is uncertain. Unlike humans and certain animals, plants cannot be interrogated directly on this matter. In any case, it is possible that states of consciousness, like brains and nervous systems of animals, have evolved and developed in different ways, depending on their phylogeny. However, some of the criteria by which consciousness is inferred to be present in animals are met by plants. For example, plants display features of cognition (sensing and response) and of learning and memory which, in animals, contribute to the conscious state. Plants also possess a rudiment ary nervous system similar to that found in basal animals and have, perhaps, a simple brain, as well as showing slow and fast transmissable electrical activity, all of which are strong correlates of consciousness in animals. However, the question of consciousness in general can be approached in different way. This is by taking the Orch OR (Orchestrated Objective Reduction) hypothesis of Hameroff and Penr ose 1 as a starting point. The Orch OR hypothesis, which is based in quantum physics, proposes that, when a sufficient mass of tubulin molecules has assembled into cytoskeletal microtubules (MTs) within neuronal cells of the brain, these structures become sites of quantum c omputation and of quantum state reduction (OR) events resulting in moments of protoconsciousness. Because plant cells also have large populations of MTs, and because plant MTs share properties with those of animal neuronal MTs, which putatively orchestrate OR events, plant MTs might also be sites of quantum reduction events and, hence, lead to momentary protoconsciousness. The extent to which the Orch OR hypothesis is applicable to plants is examined, and it is argued that, within the plant body, the most likely tissue where OR events could be located and promote protoconsciousness is to be found in the system of ray cells of tree trunks in which bundled MTs and actin filaments are prevalent.A single complete ray complex is estimated to contain about as many tubulin molecules as a single human cerebral neuron.Inferential evidence used by Hameroff and Penrose to support their Orch OR hypothesis leads in another direction. These authors presented estimates of the frequency of protoconscious or conscious moments. This frequency turns out to be similar to the fr equency of successive Earthly quantal time units, according to a theory proposed by G. Dorda. 2 These time units are also intimately linked with simultaneous changes of quantal mass, both mass and time being structured according to the motions of Earth and Moon around the Sun.In the case of cellular tissues, quantised mass takes the form of aggregates of water, and these are ...

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“…Schopenhauer's metaphysics is explicitly Kantian and, as Kant distinguishes between the world of phenomena and world of noumena, appearance and things-in-themselves, so Schopenhauer (1969Schopenhauer ( [1819)distinguishes between the world of 'representation' and the world of 'will'. 8 In essence, argues Schopenhauer, the world is will: an undifferentiated, propulsive energy or force.…”

Section: Schopenhauer: Beneath Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Representation and Signification: Toward a Sonic Materialism

Cox¹

2011

Journal of Visual Culture

187

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Why does sound art remain so profoundly undertheorized, and why has it failed to generate a rich and compelling critical literature? It is because the prevailing theoretical models are inadequate to it. Developed to account for the textual and the visual, they fail to capture the nature of the sonic. In this article, the author proposes an alternative theoretical framework, a materialist account able to grasp the nature of sound and to enable analysis of the sonic arts. He suggests, moreover, that this theoretical account can provide a model for rethinking the arts in general and for avoiding the pitfalls encountered in theories of representation and signification.

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The World as Will and Representation Volume 1

Cited by 129 publications

References 0 publications

Self-Enhancement: Food for Thought

Self-Enhancement: Food for Thought

The natural history of consciousness, and the question of whether plants are conscious, in relation to the Hameroff-Penrose quantum-physical ‘Orch OR’ theory of universal consciousness

Beyond Representation and Signification: Toward a Sonic Materialism

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