The work function of W(100) surface with yttrium oxide modification measured by the onset energy profiling of the secondary electrons and by the photoemission measurement with the photoelectron emission microscope

Kawakubo, Takashi; Kitaguchi, Tatsuya; Nakane, Hideaki

doi:10.1109/ivnc.2009.5271574

Cited by 1 publication

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“…If this operation is conducted in an ambient atmosphere, the foil will oxidize, which causes the work function to vary. For example, the work function E WF of yttrium oxide on a tungsten cathode, which is used in electron guns, is estimated to be 2.0 eV [39] less than that of pure Y. Furthermore, oxidized, porous tungsten has a larger work function, which leads to an increased surface ionization efficiency [40].…”

Section: 3 Effective Work Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal surface neutralization of Fr ions with metal foils for magneto-optical trapping of radioisotopes

Kawamura¹,

T.²,

K.³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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We investigate neutralization processes (especially thermal surface neutralization), which are required for the magneto-optical trapping of radioactive atoms. A variety of neutralization methods are first summarized: neutral beam injection for fusion reactors, neutral atom implantation in semiconductor processing, and the production of radioactive neutral atoms in accelerators. We focus on thermal surface neutralization, which produces neutral atoms in the thermal energy range for laser cooling. The experiments were carried out with yttrium, gadolinium, and zirconium foils to neutralize francium and rubidium ions for magneto-optical trapping. The results reconfirm that yttrium foil is a good neutralizer (i.e., it has a neutral release efficiency > 65%). In addition, the release fraction when using yttrium foil exceeds 75% at 1350 K, which is greater than the release fraction for the other foils. This reconfirmation is important because few previous studies have focused on thermal surface neutralization. Moreover, the results show that the neutralization efficiency is strongly influenced by the experimental process itself.

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Section: 3 Effective Work Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%