“…The first proposition is that guns are phallic symbols. Indeed, a symbolic link between guns and male genitalia has persisted for over a century in a range of disciplines, including, for example, African studies, communication studies, feminist studies, gender studies, media studies, porn studies, psychiatry, psychology, and sociology (Blum, 2019; Cooke & Puddifoot, 2000; Diener & Kerber, 1979; Floyd, 2023; Freud, 1922; Hall, 1953; Hill, Dowd-Arrow, Davis, & Burdette, 2020; Kelley, 1995; Moffic, 2013; Nathenson, 2020; Neville-Shepard & Kelly, 2020; Potts, 2000; Sasson-Levy, 2003; Timbs, 2023).…”