The Woodhull Study Revisited: Nurses' Representation in Health News Media

Mason, Diana J.; Glickstein, Barbara; Nixon, Laura; Westphaln, Kristi K.; Han, Sarah; Acquaviva, Kimberly

doi:10.1111/j.1750-4910.2018.tb00016.x

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…When this study began in 2018 as a last-minute addition to The Woodhull Study Revisited , I sought to determine the extent to which the top 50 schools of nursing were using hashtags that could attract/invite attention from journalists on Twitter [ 11 ]. Preliminary findings using 2016-2018 data were intriguing but were not published with the rest of the results of The Woodhull Study Revisited [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Intercom and Megaphone Hashtags Using Four Years of Tweets From the Top 44 Schools of Nursing: Thematic Analysis

Acquaviva¹

2021

JMIR Nursing

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Background When this study began in 2018, I sought to determine the extent to which the top 50 schools of nursing were using hashtags that could attract attention from journalists on Twitter. In December 2020, the timeframe was expanded to encompass 2 more years of data, and an analysis was conducted of the types of hashtags used. Objective The study attempted to answer the following question: to what extent are top-ranked schools of nursing using hashtags that could attract attention from journalists, policy makers, and the public on Twitter? Methods In February 2018, 47 of the top 50 schools of nursing had public Twitter accounts. The most recent 3200 tweets were extracted from each account and analyzed. There were 31,762 tweets in the time period covered (September 29, 2016, through February 22, 2018). After 13,429 retweets were excluded, 18,333 tweets remained. In December 2020, 44 of the original 47 schools of nursing still had public Twitter accounts under the same name used in the first phase of the study. Three accounts that were no longer active were removed from the 2016-2018 data set, resulting in 16,939 tweets from 44 schools of nursing. The Twitter data for the 44 schools of nursing were obtained for the time period covered in the second phase of the study (February 23, 2018, through December 13, 2020), and the most recent 3200 tweets were extracted from each of the accounts. On excluding retweets, there were 40,368 tweets in the 2018-2020 data set. The 2016-2018 data set containing 16,939 tweets was merged with the 2018-2020 data set containing 40,368 tweets, resulting in 57,307 tweets in the 2016-2020 data set. Results Each hashtag used 100 times or more in the 2016-2020 data set was categorized as one of the following seven types: nursing, school, conference or tweet chat, health, illness/disease/condition, population, and something else. These types were then broken down into the following two categories: intercom hashtags and megaphone hashtags. Approximately 83% of the time, schools of nursing used intercom hashtags (inward-facing hashtags focused on in-group discussion within and about the profession). Schools of nursing rarely used outward-facing megaphone hashtags. There was no discernible shift in the way that schools of nursing used hashtags after the publication of The Woodhull Study Revisited. Conclusions Top schools of nursing use hashtags more like intercoms to communicate with other nurses rather than megaphones to invite attention from journalists, policy makers, and the public. If schools of nursing want the media to showcase their faculty members as experts, they need to increase their use of megaphone hashtags to connect the work of their faculty with topics of interest to the public.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Intercom and Megaphone Hashtags Using Four Years of Tweets From the Top 44 Schools of Nursing: Thematic Analysis

Acquaviva¹

2021

JMIR Nursing

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“…Nothing, actually. Now, as then, nurses are almost invisible in the news media (Mason, Glickstein, Nixon, Westphaln, Han & Acquaviva, 2018).…”

Section: Improving Representation Of Nurses In the Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nothing, actually. Now, as then, nurses are almost invisible in the news media (Mason, Glickstein, Nixon, Westphaln, Han & Acquaviva, 2018).Woodhull Revisited found that nurses were used as expert sources in 2% of health articles in 2017. What is remarkable is that this was an actual decrease from the 4% found in 1997.…”

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confidence: 99%

Improving representation of nurses in the media

Summers

Broome

2019

Nursing Outlook

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Improving representation of nurses in the mediaNursing scholars just delivered some unsettling news about the image of our profession. In "The Woodhull Study Revisited: Nurses' Representation in Health News Media 2018 examined how nurses are treated in the print news media and compared their findings to the landmark 1997 Woodhull study on that same topic (Sigma Theta Tau International 1997). So one could wonder: What had changed after two decades? Nothing, actually. Now, as then, nurses are almost invisible in the news media (Mason, Glickstein, Nixon, Westphaln, Han & Acquaviva, 2018).Woodhull Revisited found that nurses were used as expert sources in 2% of health articles in 2017. What is remarkable is that this was an actual decrease from the 4% found in 1997. Although that difference is not statistically significant, it certainly makes the point. The researchers wanted to know more, of course, and interviewed 10 health journalists . They found that journalists generally don't understand how nurses are educated or what nurses do to improve health. When journalists do want to talk with nurses, they often don't know how to find them. Hospital public relations (PR) personnel often are unhelpful. In their study, one journalist described a typical interaction with hospital PR: "I ask for nurses, they give me physicians." On the rare occasions when journalists do use nurses as sources, they often have to justify it to their editors. A journalist related the common editorial reaction: "What, am I unable anywhere in America to find a doctor?"Nursing itself is part of the problem. Nurses on Twitter talk primarily to each other-journalists rarely follow nurses or read nursing journals . Journalists say there is little nursing outreach to the media to promote nursing expertise, innovations, or perspectives. And many hospitals and health systems tell nurses not to talk to the media. When nurses and journalists do manage to connect, physicians may chafe and wrest away the media opportunity.These results might cause cognitive dissonance in some readers. Since 2002, nurses have ranked first in Gallup polls measuring ethics and honesty (Gallup, 2017). One could logically ask: Doesn't that mean people respect nurses and their views? The simple answer is "no." The public may value nurses' integrity, generous nature, and ability to provide good care under difficult conditions. But that is not the same as respect for nurses' expertise and central role in health care. If nurses were viewed that way, journalists would clamor for nursing comment on health care research, challenges, and policies.The undervaluation of nursing goes even further. It means that nursing receives inadequate resources

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“…Paradoxically, nurses make up the largest sector of the healthcare workforce and are present in nearly all settings where health care services are provided, while also being the least influential professional stakeholder in the United States 2010 health care reform efforts (Gallup, 2010) and ‘invisible in health news media’ (Mason et al., 2018, p. 695). Globally, nurses' authority, autonomy, and influence vary and efforts such as the Nursing Now campaign has a dedicated effort to ‘ensuring nurses and midwives have a more prominent voice in health policy making’ (World Health Organization, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring nurses' health policy participation: WSPPIR instrument development and psychometric evaluation

Waddell

2020

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aim To measure nurses' health policy participation by developing and psychometrically testing the Waddell Spectrum for Policy Participation Influence and Research (WSPPIR) Instrument. Design Instrument development; based on a nursing conceptual framework. Methods This four‐phase study was conducted in 2018 to estimate content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency reliability of the WSPPIR instrument. Phase 1– item generation for the multi‐dimensional concept of health policy participation as described in WSPPIR theory. Phase 2– a content validity index was calculated based on ratings by seven experts. Phase 3– cognitive interviews of five nurses. Phase 4– 306 Registered Nurses completed the WSPPIR instrument. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify and to estimate construct validity, Cronbach's alpha was calculated to estimate internal consistency reliability. Results The 38‐item WSPPIR Instrument consists of five subscales (Professional Nursing Organizations; Health Care Delivery Systems: Organizations that Deliver Health Care Services; Governance Levels: City/Town, State, National, Global; Valuing Health and Policy; Influence Skills) and exhibits adequate estimates of reliability and content and construct validity, as a measure nurses' health policy participation. Conclusion As efforts to enhance nurses' health policy participation continue globally, the WSPPIR instrument should be useful in measuring individual nurses' health policy participation and benchmarking health policy participation for the nursing profession at large. Impact The WSPPIR instrument will be useful to individual nurses, educators, and the profession as we work to systematically and strategically increase nurses' participation in and influence on health policy.

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The Woodhull Study Revisited: Nurses' Representation in Health News Media

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of Intercom and Megaphone Hashtags Using Four Years of Tweets From the Top 44 Schools of Nursing: Thematic Analysis

Comparison of Intercom and Megaphone Hashtags Using Four Years of Tweets From the Top 44 Schools of Nursing: Thematic Analysis

Improving representation of nurses in the media

Measuring nurses' health policy participation: WSPPIR instrument development and psychometric evaluation

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