The Wood of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from Post-Agricultural Lands Has Suitable Properties for the Timber Industry

Kozakiewicz, P.; Jankowska, Agnieszka; Mamiński, M.; Marciszewska, Katarzyna; Ciurzycki, Wojciech; Tulik, Mirela

doi:10.3390/f11101033

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Density is one of the most important physical properties of wood and has an impact on its other technical properties [8,11,31]. Statistically significant differences were found in the mean density values between the studied stands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Technical Quality of the Wood of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of Diverse Genetic Origin

Konofalska

Kozakiewicz

Buraczyk

et al. 2021

Forests

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This work contains the preliminary results of research into the technical quality of the wood from Scots pine trees of diverse genetic origin, grown on an experimental plot at the Forest Experimental Station in Rogów. The following are the parent stands, numbered: 5 (the Tucholskie Forest 130 m a.s.l.), 7 (the Napiwodzko–Ramuckie Forest 145 m a.s.l.), 10 (the Piska Forest 145 m a.s.l.), 12 (the Biała Forest 95 m a.s.l.), 13 (the Namysłowsko–Ostrzeszowskie Forest 190 m a.s.l.), 15 (the Knyszyńska Forest 165 m a.s.l.), and 16 (the Nowotarskie Forest 590 m a.s.l.). The tested wood was obtained in 2018 from trees aged 52 years. The research material came from 100 trees in total. After felling, two logs approximately 0.5 m in length were cut from each tree. The height on the tree from which the material was taken ranged from breast height (1.3 m) to approximately 2.5 m. Next, planks were cut from the logs in a north–south direction; these were precisely described and then left to season. The work included the measurement and statistical analysis of one physical property, wood density (kg/m3), and of the following mechanical properties: compressive strength along the fibres, Rc12 (MPa); static bending strength, Rg12 (MPa); modulus of elasticity under static bending, Eg12 (MPa); and indices of strength quality of the tested mechanical properties, JRc12, JRg12, and JEg12 (km). The origin of the logs was shown to have a significant influence on wood density, compressive strength, static bending strength, and modulus of elasticity under static bending. The highest mean density was found for trees originating from stand 10 (537 kg/m3). The highest values of compressive strength were obtained for trees originating from stands 5 (45 MPa), and the highest static bending strength and modulus of elasticity under static bending were obtained for trees originating from stand 12 (102 and 9825 MPa, respectively).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technical quality of wood is affected by a number of factors. It depends mainly on geographical location, habitat type, and the quality of planting material [4,[8][9][10][11]. The effects of habitat type were studied by Józefaciuk and Laurow [12] and, later, also by Krzysik [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Technical Quality of the Wood of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of Diverse Genetic Origin

Konofalska

Kozakiewicz

Buraczyk

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…In the traditional tree ring detection method of tree disc sampling, the STD4800 scanner is introduced to obtain high-definition tree disk images [10]. Then digital image recognition is carried out through a special tree ring analysis system such as WinDendro [11][12][13][14]. It also can use the LINTAB CNC measuring platform and TSAP standard annual ring analysis software to observe the tree disk by the high-resolution microscope [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Tree Ring Micro-Destructive Detection Technology Based on Digital Micro-Drilling Resistance Method

Zheng²,

Xing³

et al. 2022

Forests

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Micro-drilling resistance method is a widely used tree ring micro-destructive detection technology. To solve the problem that the detection signal of the analog micro-drilling resistance method has excessive noise interference and cannot intuitively identify tree ring information, this research proposes a digital micro-drilling resistance method and provides a recommended hardware implementation. The digital micro-drilling resistance method adopts the photoelectric encoder instead of ADC as the signal sampling module. Through the theoretical analysis of the DC motor characteristic, the PWM closed-loop speed control, the detection principle of the digital method is given. Additionally, the experimental equipment that can complete the detection of the digital method and the analog method simultaneously is designed to carry out comparative experiments. The experimental results show that: (1) The detection results of the digital method have a better-quality signal which can intuitively identify the tree rings. (2) The average correlation coefficient reaches 0.9365 between the detection results of the digital method and the analog method. (3) The average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the digital method is 39.0145 dB, which is 19.2590 dB higher than that of the analog method. The average noise interference energy in the detection result of the digital method is only 1.27% of the analog method. In summary, hardware implementation of the digital micro-drilling resistance method can correctly reflect the tree ring information and significantly improve the signal quality of the micro-drilling resistance technology. This research is helping to improve the identification accuracy of micro-drilling resistance technology, and to develop the application of tree ring micro-destructive detection technology in the high-precision field.

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“…Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) is a species widespread in the forests throughout Europe, including Polish forests [ 27 ]. The sapwood of pine is easy to process, therefore it has become a widely used raw material, also in outdoor construction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bending Strength of Wood Treated with Propolis Extract and Silicon Compounds

et al. 2021

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The modification of wood and its treatment with various preservatives may affect its mechanical properties, hence the knowledge of the character changes in wood caused by impregnation is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the effect of impregnation, with the propolis-silane preparation (EEP-MPTMOS/TEOS) consisting of the propolis extract (EEP) and silicon compounds: 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPTMOS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), on the bending strength of treated wood. Moreover, in the study wood treated with components of the propolis-silane formulation was used, namely 70% ethanol, the propolis extract, and silanes (MPTMOS/TEOS). In order to determine whether the impregnation of wood affects its long-term bending, creep tests were performed depending on the humidity. The impregnation of wood with the propolis extract and the propolis-silane preparation (EEP-MPTMOS/TEOS) contributed to the increase in modulus of rapture and work to maximum load values compared to the untreated wood. In dry wood condition, the wood treated with EEP and EEP-MPTMOS/TEOS was characterized by lower modulus of elasticity values than the control samples. In turn, in wet wood condition, wood treated with the propolis-silane preparation showed an increase in the MOE value. Moreover, the impregnation of wood had an influence on the wood creep process under bending loads. The treated wood was characterized by higher relative creep compliance than the untreated wood. The exception was the wood impregnated with EEP-MPTMOS/TEOS, which showed comparable relative creep compliance to the control samples. The presented results indicate that wood treated with a bio-friendly preparation based on propolis and silicon compounds can be used in various application and also in variable humidity conditions.

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The Wood of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from Post-Agricultural Lands Has Suitable Properties for the Timber Industry

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

The Technical Quality of the Wood of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of Diverse Genetic Origin

The Technical Quality of the Wood of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of Diverse Genetic Origin

Research on Tree Ring Micro-Destructive Detection Technology Based on Digital Micro-Drilling Resistance Method

Bending Strength of Wood Treated with Propolis Extract and Silicon Compounds

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