The Women's Interagency HIV Study: an Observational Cohort Brings Clinical Sciences to the Bench

Bacon, Melanie C.; Wyl, Viktor von; Alden, Christine; Sharp, Gerald B.; Robison, Esther; Hessol, Nancy A.; Gange, Stephen J.; Barranday, Yvonne; Holman, Susan; Weber, Kathleen M.; Young, Mary

doi:10.1128/cdli.12.9.1013-1019.2005

Cited by 484 publications

(526 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For women with AIDS, prevalence data on these risk factors were obtained from female participants with AIDS (henceforth referred to as AIDS patients) in the AIDS Cancer Cohort Study (n ¼ 483) or the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS, n ¼ 693) (Barkan et al, 1998;Nawar et al, 2005). These two studies included subjects from six of the HIV/AIDS registry areas (New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Florida, Massachusetts, and Connecticut), and the demographic characteristics of the AIDS patients resembled those of our registry population and of the national female HIV/AIDS population (Bacon et al, 2005). The majority (59%) of participants in WIHS were below the Federal poverty level, and 13% did not reside in a house or apartment (Barkan et al, 1998).…”

Section: Indirect Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of breast, ovary, and uterine corpus cancers among 85 268 women with AIDS

et al. 2006

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By linking HIV/AIDS and cancer surveillance data in 12 US regions, breast and reproductive cancer risks with AIDS were compared to those in the general population. Trends in standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were assessed by CD4 count, AIDS-relative time, and calendar time. Standardized incidence ratios were indirectly adjusted for cancer risk factors using data from AIDS cohort participants and the general population. With AIDS, 313 women developed breast cancer (SIR 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 -0.77), 42 developed ovary cancer (SIR 1.05, 95% CI, 0.75 -1.42), and 31 developed uterine corpus cancer (SIR 0.57, 95% CI, 0.39 -0.81). Uterine cancer risk was reduced significantly after age 50 (SIR 0.33). Breast cancer risk was reduced significantly both before (SIR 0.71) and after (SIR 0.66) age 50, and was lower for local or regional (SIR 0.54) than distant (SIR 0.89) disease. Breast cancer risk varied little by CD4 count (P trend ¼ 0.47) or AIDS-relative time (P trend ¼ 0.14) or after adjustment for established cancer risk factors. However, it increased significantly between 1980 and 2002 (P trend ¼ 0.003), approaching the risk of the general population. We conclude that the cancer deficit reflected direct or indirect effects of HIV/AIDS and that anti-HIV therapy reduced these effects. Increasing numbers of women have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and now are living with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The effects of AIDS on women, particularly in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), are not well defined. In the era before HAART, the risks of developing Kaposi sarcoma, anal cancer, and perhaps lymphoma were lower for women than for men with AIDS (Beral and Newton, 1998;Goedert, 2000). Other than cervical cancer, no differences by gender have been reported for the few other malignancies found in excess among people with AIDS (PWA) (Goedert et al, 1998;Frisch et al, 2001).Breast cancer may occur less often in women with AIDS than in the general population (Goedert et al, 1998;Frisch et al, 2001). Ovary and uterine corpus cancers have not been associated with AIDS or other immune deficiencies, but weak associations or susceptible subgroups may have been overlooked because these malignancies are relatively rare. No previous study has evaluated the effects of improving anti-HIV therapies or whether differences in cancer incidence might merely reflect differences in known risk factors for cancer.Using population-based data, we have investigated whether the risk of breast, ovary, or uterine corpus cancers differ for women with AIDS, whether breast cancer risk differs with increasing severity or duration of immune deficiency, or with increasing availability and efficacy of anti-HIV therapies; also whether menopause or selected risk factors modify or explain any associations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Detection and definition of cancersFrom 2003 through 2005, we linked HIV/AIDS and cancer registration data (including name, race, sex, dates of birth and de...

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Section: Indirect Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of breast, ovary, and uterine corpus cancers among 85 268 women with AIDS

et al. 2006

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“…Details on study design are in the Appendix [31,32]. Briefly, each study involves semiannual follow-up visits, during which participants undergo similar detailed examinations, specimen collection, and structured interviews.…”

Section: Setting and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Macrophage Inflammation Biomarkers With Progression of Subclinical Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Women and Men

Hanna

Lin

Post

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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(See the editorial commentary by Feinstein and Lloyd-Jones on pages 1343-5.)Background. Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages promote atherosclerosis through increased inflammation and vascular remodeling. This may be especially true in chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Methods. We examined 778 women (74% HIV + ) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and 503 men (65% HIV + ) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who underwent repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging in 2004-2013. We assessed baseline associations of the serum macrophage inflammation markers soluble (s)CD163, sCD14, galectin-3 (Gal-3), and Gal-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) with carotid plaque formation (focal intima-media thickness >1.5 mm) over 7 years.Results. Marker levels were higher in HIV + persons versus HIV -persons. Presence of focal plaque increased over time: from 8% to 15% in women, and 24% to 34% in men. After adjustment for demographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic factors, and CRP and interleukin-6, each standard deviation increase in sCD14 was associated with increased plaque formation (risk ratio [RR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.43). This pattern was consistentby sex. sCD163 was associated with plaque formation in virally suppressed HIV + men (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.04-2.22); Gal-3BP and Gal-3 were not associated with increased plaque.Conclusions. sCD14 and sCD163 may play important roles in atherogenesis among HIV + persons.

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“…7,8 The WIHS currently has 2,895 HIV-infected women and 972 HIV-uninfected women recruited from six national metropolitan locations. HIVuninfected women are matched for socioeconomic status, age, race, and relative risk for developing HIV.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization byCandidaSpecies of the Oral and Vaginal Mucosa in HIV-Infected and Noninfected Women

Merenstein

Wang

et al. 2013

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients continues to be a public health problem. Effective antifungal therapies are few in number and have inherent problems such as selecting for drug-resistant strains of Candida species. To evaluate the state of Candida colonization of the oral and vaginal mucosa, we recruited 80 women, both HIVinfected and HIV-uninfected, from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Diet diaries were collected by participants to examine the role of diet on fungal growth. Baseline studies were initially done in participants that followed the colonization of both mucosal sites over 0-90 days. The most common Candida species from both groups of patients were C. albicans and C. glabrata. Among the HIV-infected cohort, the percentage of participants who were positive for Candida spp. was higher than in the HIV-uninfected control group. Furthermore, the frequency of colonization (1 episode versus > 1 episode) was also increased in the HIV-infected cohort. These data indicate that Candida species remain an important component of the microbial community in both populations.

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The Women's Interagency HIV Study: an Observational Cohort Brings Clinical Sciences to the Bench

Cited by 484 publications

References 26 publications

Risk of breast, ovary, and uterine corpus cancers among 85 268 women with AIDS

Risk of breast, ovary, and uterine corpus cancers among 85 268 women with AIDS

Association of Macrophage Inflammation Biomarkers With Progression of Subclinical Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Women and Men

Colonization byCandidaSpecies of the Oral and Vaginal Mucosa in HIV-Infected and Noninfected Women

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