The Winning Weaning Food (WWF): The Development of a Complementary Food for Food-Insecure Infants and Young Children in Malawi

Theophilus, Rufus J; Miller, M. F.; Oldewage‐Theron, Wilna; Dawson, John A.

doi:10.3390/nu11102292

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Studies in Bangladesh explored the use of fish 25 and goat meat powders in Malawi. 26 Milk is not a rich source of iron, although it may be one of the most commonly consumed animal source foods in the area. The Obaasima project identified in this study is part of the multicountry ANF4W project implemented in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, and Bangladesh.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative assessments of anemia‐related programs in Ghana reveal gaps and implementation challenges

Abu

Buttner

Garror

et al. 2020

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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In spite of multiple program efforts in Ghana, progress in reducing the burden of anemia is slow. The objective was to conduct multilevel assessments of existing childhood (<5 years) anemia prevention and treatment programs according to UNICEF's conceptual framework of malnutrition, and to elucidate implementation gaps in Ghana. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies recruited 25 program personnel from 20 organizations to participate in audiorecorded interviews conducted through in-person, telephone, or email correspondence in August 2018. Interview guides constructed around UNICEF's conceptual framework of malnutrition identified context-specific immediate, underlying, and basic causes of anemia, and corresponding programs. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using the Dedoose software version 8.1.8. Few programs addressed identified basic causes of anemia, such as inadequate human resources, housing/water/toilet facilities, and poverty/poor access to financial resources. Organizations implemented programs addressing ≥1 underlying cause. Five organizations provided food rations and/or supplements to address immediate causes. A key food-based gap identified was minimal education on fruit intake or antinutritive factors in foods; however, no interventions included vitamin C supplements. Food manufacturers mainly used cereals and grains in commercial food products. Multiple organizations worked in the same region on anemia with instances of an overlapping program focus. Food sources of vitamin C or supplements could be promoted in food-based interventions to increase the absorption of nonheme iron consumed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative assessments of anemia‐related programs in Ghana reveal gaps and implementation challenges

Abu

Buttner

Garror

et al. 2020

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Both the ESHA Food Processor and NDSR programs have been used to estimate nutrient intakes in several populations [ 17 , 22 – 27 ]. We selected ESHA Food Processor as the principal software in our study since it is regularly used in West Africa to assess magnesium intake [ 9 ], but we also wanted to compare the results to other systems, such as NDSR, which is widely used in the United States and there is currently no formal guidance as to which should be used in Ghana [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary magnesium intakes among women of reproductive age in Ghana—A comparison of two dietary analysis programs

et al. 2023

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Background Despite the importance of magnesium to health and most importantly to women of reproductive age who are entering pregnancy, very few surveys have investigated the magnesium status of women of reproductive age, particularly in Africa. Additionally, the software and programs used to analyze dietary intake vary across countries in the region. Objective To assess the dietary magnesium intake of women of reproductive age in Ghana and to compare the estimate of magnesium intake obtained from two commonly used dietary analysis programs. Methods We collected magnesium intake from 63 Ghanaian women using a semiquantitative 150-item food frequency questionnaire. Dietary data was analyzed using two different dietary analysis programs, Nutrient Data Software for Research (NDSR) and the Elizabeth Stewart Hands and Associates (ESHA) Food Processor Nutrition Analysis software. We used the Wilcoxon signed rank test to compare the mean differences between the two dietary programs. Results There were significant differences between the average dietary magnesium intake calculated by the two dietary programs, with ESHA estimating higher magnesium intake than NDSR (M±SE; ESHA: 200 ± 12 mg/day; NDSR: 168 ± 11 mg/day; p<0. 05). The ESHA database included some ethnic foods and was flexible in terms of searching for food items which we found to be more accurate in assessing the magnesium intake of women in Ghana. Using the ESHA software, 84% of the study women had intake below the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) of 320mg/day. Conclusion It is possible that the ESHA software provided an accurate estimate of magnesium in this population because it included specific ethnic foods. Concerted efforts such as magnesium supplementation and nutrition education should be considered to improve the magnesium intake of women of reproductive age in Ghana.

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“…Theophilus et al [ 73 ] suggested the need to consume fresh food in order to ensure an adequate dietary intake of calcium, iron, and zinc. For this, in low-income populations, we should incorporate nutrition education and locally available food options, making these foods and supplements affordable and accessible.…”

Section: Nutritional Interventions’ Effect On the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Malnutrition on the Immune System and Infection and the Role of Nutritional Strategies Regarding Improvements in Children’s Health Status: A Literature Review

Morales,

Montserrat-de la Paz,

Leon

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Malnutrition refers to a person’s status as under- or overnourished, and it is usually associated with an inflammation status, which can subsequently imply a different health status, as the risk of infection is increased, along with a deterioration of the immune system. Children’s immune systems are generally more susceptible to problems than adults. In the situation of malnutrition, because malnourished children’s immune systems are compromised, they are more likely to die. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of altered immune functioning and how it relates to starvation. Nutritional interventions have been reported as cost-effective strategies to prevent or treat the development of malnourishment, considering the link between food intake and health, especially in children, and also the susceptibility of this population to diseases and how their health status during childhood might affect their long-term physiological growth. The ingestion of specific nutrients (e.g., vitamins or oligoelements) has been reported to contribute to the proper functioning of children’s immune systems. In this review, we aim to describe the basis of malnutrition and how this is linked to the immune system, considering the role of nutrients in the modulation of the immune system and the risk of infection that can occur in these situations in children, as well as to identify nutritional interventions to improve their health.

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The Winning Weaning Food (WWF): The Development of a Complementary Food for Food-Insecure Infants and Young Children in Malawi

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Qualitative assessments of anemia‐related programs in Ghana reveal gaps and implementation challenges

Qualitative assessments of anemia‐related programs in Ghana reveal gaps and implementation challenges

Dietary magnesium intakes among women of reproductive age in Ghana—A comparison of two dietary analysis programs

Effects of Malnutrition on the Immune System and Infection and the Role of Nutritional Strategies Regarding Improvements in Children’s Health Status: A Literature Review

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