The window of vulnerability and its effect on relative parasitoid abundance

Briggs, Cheryl J.; Latto, John

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1996.tb01179.x

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From the parasitoids' point of view, the relative abun dance of a pair of hosts is not necessarily determined by their absolute numbers: host individuals of different ages are rarely equally vulnerable to parasitoid attacks (Briggs & Latto, 1996;Benrey & Denno, 1997). The risk of para sitism for the coexisting hosts might thus also depend on the degree of synchrony in hosts' windows of vulnerabil ity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term indirect interactions between two moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species mediated by shared parasitoids: The benefit of being scarce

Teder¹,

Tammaru²

2003

Eur. J. Entomol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Despite the impact of parasitoids on insect populations being extensively studied, indirect parasitoid-mediated effects remain rarely documented in natural communities. We examined the influence of shared parasitoids on the interactions between two functionally monophagous moths, Nonagria typhae and Archanara sparganii. The moths showed a considerable variation in terms of relative abundance and the degree of phenological synchrony between the species. On average, parasitism levels caused by shared parasitoids did not differ between the two host species. Relative parasitism levels of the two hosts, however, varied considerably among different samples. Percentage parasitism of the scarcer species, A. sparganii, thus could not be fully explained by that of the dominant species, N. typhae. The results indicated that A. sparganii may benefit from the presence of N. typhae. In particular, both low relative density as well as high phenological synchrony with N. typhae reduced parasitism levels in A. sparganii. The case thus indicates the presence of parasitoid-mediated indirect effects between the coexisting herbivores. The patterns of host use observed in this study are consistent with the scenario of frequency-dependent host use caused by changes in parasitoid behavior. Such a host use by parasitoids is suggested to promote numerical stability and coexistence of the moth species in the system studied.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term indirect interactions between two moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species mediated by shared parasitoids: The benefit of being scarce

Teder¹,

Tammaru²

2003

Eur. J. Entomol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Independent assessments of trophic interactions between the midge, its host plant and its natural enemies suggest that between three and four trophic levels are associated with B. pilularis galls (Doutt 1961;Force 1970Force , 1974Ehler 1982;Hopper 1984;Ehler and Kinsey 1991;Latto and Briggs 1995;Briggs and Latto 1996, 2000, 2001 (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Natural History Of Systemmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessing trophic interactions in a guild of primary parasitoids and facultative hyperparasitoids: stable isotope analysis

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Facultative hyperparasitism is likely to be the most common form of intraguild predation among parasitoids. However, difficulties associated with studying facultative hyperparasitoids in the field have hampered a thorough understanding of their trophic ecology. In this study, we used a combination of stable isotope analysis and published natural history information to infer trophic interactions in a guild of field-collected primary parasitoids and facultative hyperparasitoids that attack a gall-making midge on Baccharis pilularis. Our three a priori hypotheses were: (1) stable isotope values should increase incrementally from the host plant to higher trophic levels; (2) the two species of ectoparasitoids should exhibit higher stable isotope signatures than the two endoparasitoids, and; (3) the two facultative hyperparasitoids should exhibit stable isotope signatures that fall between zero and one trophic level steps above that observed for the primary parasitoids. Food webs inferred from stable isotope data generally agreed with previously published accounts of community structure. As expected, both delta(13)C and delta(15)N were progressively enriched in the heavy isotope from the host plant to the herbivorous midge to the parasitic wasps. Multivariate analysis of stable isotope data revealed that the two primary ectoparasitoids occupied a similar trophic niche, but were significantly different from the primary endoparasitoids. We attribute this result to "coincidental intraguild predation" by ectoparasitoids that develop on already-parasitized midge larvae. One of the facultative hyperparasitoids, Zatropis capitis, exhibited a stable isotope signature approximately one trophic step above the primary parasitoids. Unexpectedly, the second facultative hyperparasitoid, Mesopolobus sp., appeared to be developing as a primary parasitoid at all sites. Coupled with independent assessments of community structure, stable isotope analysis validated trophic links constructed by previous researchers and identified potential taxon-specific differences in trophic interactions for two facultative hyperparasitoids in the B. pilularis gall community.

show abstract

“…Life cycle events closely tied to host plant phenology and thus likely altered by variation in the timing of tissue availability include the timing of mating (Cushman et al 1994;Mopper 1996), oviposition (Ohgushi 1991), the rate of larval development (Kaitaniemi et al 1997;Hicks et al 2007), and the timing of eclosion (Komatsu and Akimoto 1995;Van Dongen et al 1997;Rehill and Schultz 2002). Variation in the timing of plant tissue formation can also directly affect mortality due to natural enemies through changes in enemy abundance (Yukawa and Akimoto 2006), attack timing (Briggs and Latto 1996;Van Nouhuys and Lei 2004), and community structure (Kaitaniemi and Ruohomaki 1999;Yukawa and Akimoto 2006). The response of insect herbivores to resource uncertainty can extend to include plasticity in development and/or bet-hedging strategies (Nylin and Gotthard 1998;Danks 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Developmental plasticity and reduced susceptibility to natural enemies following host plant defoliation in a specialized herbivore

Hood

Ott

2009

Oecologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Host-specific phytophagous insects that are short lived and reliant on ephemeral plant tissues provide an excellent system in which to investigate the consequences of disruption in the timing of resource availability on consumer populations and their subsequent interactions with higher tropic levels. The specialist herbivore, Belonocnema treatae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induces galls on only newly flushed leaves of live oak, Quercus fusiformis. In central Texas (USA) episodic defoliation of the host creates variation in the timing of resource availability and results in heterogeneous populations of B. treatae that initiate development at different times. We manipulated the timing of leaf flush in live oak via artificial defoliation to test the hypothesis that a 6- to 8-week delay in the availability of resources alters the timing of this gall former's life cycle events, performance and survivorship on its host, and susceptibility to natural enemies. B. treatae exhibits plasticity in development time, as the interval from egg to emergence was significantly reduced when gallers oviposited into the delayed leaf flush. As a consequence, the phenologies of gall maturation and adult emergence remain synchronized in spite of variation in the timing of resource availability. Per capita gall production and gall-former performance are not significantly affected by the timing of resource availability. The timing of resource availability and natural enemies interact, however, to produce strong effects on survivorship: when exposed to natural enemies, B. treatae developing in galls initiated by delayed oviposition exhibited an order-of-magnitude increase in survivorship. Developmental plasticity allows this gall former to circumvent disruptions in resource availability, maintain synchrony of life cycle events, and results in reduced vulnerability to natural enemies following defoliation of the host plant.

show abstract

The window of vulnerability and its effect on relative parasitoid abundance

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Short-term indirect interactions between two moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species mediated by shared parasitoids: The benefit of being scarce

Short-term indirect interactions between two moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species mediated by shared parasitoids: The benefit of being scarce

Assessing trophic interactions in a guild of primary parasitoids and facultative hyperparasitoids: stable isotope analysis

Developmental plasticity and reduced susceptibility to natural enemies following host plant defoliation in a specialized herbivore

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About