The Willistoni Group of Sibling Species of Drosophila

Burla, H.; Cunha, A. Brito da; Cordeiro, A. R.; Dobzhansky, Th.; Malogolowkin, C.; Pavan, C.

doi:10.2307/2405716

Cited by 51 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Nevertheless, in most cases the genitalia were analyzed under a stereomicroscope with no need for removal, as proposed by Spassky (1957). In two cases, the identification was not based on the shape of aedeagus: the distinction between D. melanogaster Meigen 1830 and D. simulans Sturtevant 1919 was based on the shape of the posterior salience of the genital arch (Salles 1948), the shape of the hypandrium was used to distinguish between the species of the willistoni complex (Burla et al 1949;Malogolowkin 1952;Spassky 1957). Since the identification of most species was not based on original descriptions, we have indicated the published figures of male genitalia used for the identification (see table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How many species of drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) remain to be described in the forests of São Paulo, Brazil?: species lists of three forest remnants

Medeiros

Klaczko

2004

Biota Neotrop.

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This paper describes the composition and abundance of Drosophila species found in three forest remnants in the State of São Paulo. A well-standardized sampling procedure applied on four collecting trips to the same sites on four areas resulted on 944 samples. All males collected were identified by analyses of the genitalia, this being the only data set used. One hundred and twenty five species were detected amongst the 29,289 males analyzed. From them 57,6% could be identified as described species. Thirteen of the species found were absent from the previous species list for the state of São Paulo State, thus represent an increase of 13% on the number known. We argue that the majority of the 53 unidentified species are in fact undescribed. The sites studied did not differ significantly in the proportion of identified species. On average identified species were almost seven times more abundant than unidentified ones, and this difference was significant. Rarefaction curve analysis confirmed that the proportion of unidentified species increase with sample size, and did not reach a plateau with our data set. These results illustrate the large richness of Drosophila species in forest remnants of São Paulo State. It also indicates that about half of the species in this region remain to be described. This conclusion is particularly important when one considers that this is a well studied genus of Diptera, on the best sampled region of Brazil.Key words: composition; diversity; richness; inventory; atlantic forest; neotropical region. ResumoEste trabalho descreve a composição e a abundância de espécies de Drosophila encontradas em três remanescentes florestais do estado de São Paulo. Um procedimento de coletas bem padronizado aplicado em quatro coletas nos mesmos sítios em três áreas resultou em 944 amostras. Todos os machos coletados foram identificados pela análise da genitália, e apenas os dados destes foram analisados. Cento e vinte e cinco espécies foram detectadas entre os 29.289 machos analisados. Destas 57,6% puderam ser identificadas como espécies já descritas. Treze das espécies encontradas estavam ausentes da lista prévia de espécies do estado de São Paulo, resultado em um aumento de 13% nesta lista. A maioria das 53 espécies não identificadas são, provavelmente, não descritas. Os sítios estudados não diferem significativamente na proporção de espécies identificadas. Em média as espécies identificadas foram quase sete vezes mais abundantes do que as não identificadas, e esta diferença foi significativa. Uma análise de curvas de rarefação confirmou que a proporção de espécies não identificadas aumenta com o tamanho amostral, e não atinge um platô em nosso conjunto de dados. Estes resultados ilustram a grande riqueza de espécies de Drosophila nos remanescentes florestais do estado de São Paulo. Eles também indicam que cerca de metade das espécies desta região ainda não foram descritas. Esta conclusão mostra-se particularmente importante considerando que este é um gênero de Diptera bem estudado, na região ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How many species of drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) remain to be described in the forests of São Paulo, Brazil?: species lists of three forest remnants

Medeiros

Klaczko

2004

Biota Neotrop.

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“…and Burla et al (1949). Townsend (1952) has discovered one further inver- sion in the Florida population.…”

Section: The Inversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A FURTHER STUDY OF CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM IN DROSOPHILA WILLISTONI IN ITS RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT

1954

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“…Previous attempts to find sequences homologous to P elements in species other than D. melanogaster have been unsuccessful, even when isolates of the sibling species Drosophila simulans have been obtained from the same population as the fr2 P strain of D. melanogaster (discussed in ref. 3).In this paper, we report results that prove the existence of sequences that are homologous to D. melanogaster P elements in another species, Drosophila paulistorum (19 …”

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confidence: 75%

Sequences homologous to P elements occur in Drosophila paulistorum.

Daniels¹,

Strausbaugh²,

Armstrong³

1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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P elements, a class of mobile genetic elements that cause hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, have thus far been shown to occur only in this species. Using whole genome blot analysis, we present evidence which indicates that sequences homologous to D. melanogaster P elements also occur in Drosophila paulistprum, a distant relative. D. paulistorum is considered a species complex, consisting of six known incipient species or semispecies. All six semispecies possess P element homologous sequences. We further show that there is conservation of restriction enzyme recognition sites between the D. melanogaster and D. paulistorum P element sequences. The presence of P elements in these two species may clarify the roles of recent invasion and rapid loss in the temporal distribution of P elements in Drosophila.P elements are members of one of several classes of moderately repetitive, dispersed gene families in Drosophila melanogaster (1). They have recently become the subject of much interest because of their role in fostering a syndrome of correlated germ-line abnormalities known as P-M hybrid dysgenesis (2-4). The characteristic features of the syndrome include temperature-dependent sterility; illicit male recombination; and increased rates of mutation, chromosome aberrations, and non-disjunction. Dysgenesis occurs in the germ-line of progeny produced from certain interstrain crosses-that is, when males from a paternally contributing (P) strain are mated with females from a maternally contributing (M) strain (5-7). P strains possess at least several intact, genetically active P elements and manifest a P cytotype; M strains either completely lack or contain only structurally altered P elements and manifest an M cytotype (8-10). The P elements, which are stable in a P cytotype, transpose at high frequencies in an M cytotype, where they may be shown to be associated with both induced mutations and breakpoint hot spots for chromosome rearrangements (8,11,12). The intact P element is 2.9 kilobases (kb) long, contains open reading frames (which may encode transposase function), and has perfect terminal 31-base-pair inverted repeats (10). In addition to the highly conserved intact P elements, there are smaller elements heterogeneous in size, which presumably arise by internal deletions from the large elements (9, 10). At least some of the smaller elements are incapable of transposition unless a trans-acting activity is provided by intact elements (13). Experimental manipulation of P element transposition has been recently used to transform whole organisms (13,14).The population dynamics and evolutionary biology of P elements have been the subject of considerable experimentation and speculation. Three general observations have been made about the distribution and interactive dynamics of P and M types. First, P types were not found in strains collected from the wild before about 1950, while their frequency increases with decreasing time in laboratory cultivation (15). Second, there are distinct geographical pat...

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The Willistoni Group of Sibling Species of Drosophila

Cited by 51 publications

References 4 publications

How many species of drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) remain to be described in the forests of São Paulo, Brazil?: species lists of three forest remnants

How many species of drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) remain to be described in the forests of São Paulo, Brazil?: species lists of three forest remnants

A FURTHER STUDY OF CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM IN DROSOPHILA WILLISTONI IN ITS RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Sequences homologous to P elements occur in Drosophila paulistorum.

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