The wildland fire emission inventory: western United States emission estimates and an evaluation of uncertainty

Urbanski, S. P.; Hao, Wei Min; Nordgren, Bryce L.

doi:10.5194/acp-11-12973-2011

Cited by 107 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…The burned area algorithm combines the MODIS thermal anomalies product (MOD14 for Terra and MYD14 for Aqua) at a 1 km resolution 4 times daily and the MODIS top-of-the-atmosphere-calibrated reflectance product (MOD02) to map and date burn scars. The burned area mapping method, which was originally developed for the western United States with an uncertainty of ≤5 % (Urbanski et al, 2011), has two steps. First, a burn scar algorithm is applied to pixels of the reflectance product to identify potential burn scars.…”

Section: Burned Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Daily black carbon emissions from fires in northern Eurasia for 2002–2015

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) emitted from fires in northern Eurasia is transported and deposited on ice and snow in the Arctic and can accelerate its melting during certain times of the year. Thus, we developed a high spatial resolution (500 m × 500 m) dataset to examine daily BC emissions from fires in this region for [2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014][2015] During the 14-year period, BC emissions from forest fires accounted for about twothirds of the emissions, followed by grassland fires (18 %). Russia dominated the BC emissions from forest fires (92 %) and central and western Asia was the major region for BC emissions from grassland fires (54 %). Overall, Russia contributed 80 % of the total BC emissions from fires in northern Eurasia. Black carbon emissions were the highest in the years 2003, 2008, and 2012. Approximately 58 % of the BC emissions from fires occurred in spring, 31 % in summer, and 10 % in fall. The high emissions in spring also coincide with the most intense period of ice and snow melting in the Arctic.

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Section: Burned Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Emissions of BC (E) at any spatial and temporal scales are calculated by the equation (Seiler and Crutzen, 1980;Urbanski et al, 2011)…”

Section: Emission Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily black carbon emissions from fires in northern Eurasia for 2002–2015

et al. 2016

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“…Despite the considerable advancement achieved in satellite remote sensing and atmospheric modeling during the last couple of decades, there still remains a large uncertainty in the overall atmospheric impacts of aerosols and certain shortlived trace gases, particularly those originating from biomass burning such as BC and carbon monoxide (CO) (e.g., Urbanski et al, 2011;Yurganov et al, 2011;Ichoku et al 2012;Bond et al, 2013). A major part of the uncertainty stems from the fact that their emission from fires are still very poorly constrained mainly due to the rather sporadic and transient character of biomass burning, which makes it difficult to characterize experimentally (e.g., Forster et al, 2007.…”

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confidence: 99%

Global top-down smoke-aerosol emissions estimation using satellite fire radiative power measurements

2014

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Abstract. Fire emissions estimates have long been based on bottom-up approaches that are not only complex, but also fraught with compounding uncertainties. We present the development of a global gridded (1 • × 1 • ) emission coefficients (C e ) product for smoke total particulate matter (TPM) based on a top-down approach using coincident measurements of fire radiative power (FRP) and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. This new Fire Energetics and Emissions Research version 1.0 (FEER.v1) C e product has now been released to the community and can be obtained from http://feer.gsfc. nasa.gov/, along with the corresponding 1-to-1 mapping of their quality assurance (QA) flags that will enable the C e values to be filtered by quality for use in various applications. The regional averages of C e values for different ecosystem types were found to be in the ranges of 16-21 g MJ −1 for savanna and grasslands, 15-32 g MJ −1 for tropical forest, 9-12 g MJ −1 for North American boreal forest, and 18-26 g MJ −1 for Russian boreal forest, croplands and natural vegetation. The FEER.v1 C e product was multiplied by time-integrated FRP data to calculate regional smoke TPM emissions, which were compared with equivalent emissions products from three existing inventories. FEER.v1 showed higher and more reasonable smoke TPM estimates than two other emissions inventories that are based on bottom-up approaches and already reported in the literature to be too low, but portrayed an overall reasonable agreement with another top-down approach. This suggests that top-down approaches may hold better promise and need to be further developed to accelerate the reduction of uncertainty associated with fire emissions estimation in air-quality and climate research and applications. Results of the analysis of FEER.v1 data for [2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011] show that 65-85 Tg yr −1 of TPM is emitted globally from open biomass burning, with a generally decreasing trend over this short time period. The FEER.v1 C e product is the first global gridded product in the family of "emission factors", that is based essentially on satellite measurements, and requires only direct satellite FRP measurements of an actively burning fire anywhere to evaluate its emission rate in near-real time, which is essential for operational activities, such as the monitoring and forecasting of smoke emission impacts on air quality.

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“…For example, the completeness of combustion is determined by the moisture content in combustible vegetation, which, in turn, depends on meteorological conditions (air temperature and precipitation) and seasonal factors (the time of snow cover thawing and moistening regime) in a given region [51,52]. Comparison of burned area or hotspot products often reveals factor of ten or larger disagreements [53]. Burning efficiency (BE) is also affected by instantaneous meteorological conditions on the burning days, such as wind and precipitation.…”

Section: Estimates Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of Wildfire Emissions in Boreal Forests of China

Bao

2016

Forests

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Wildfire emissions in the boreal forests yield an important contribution to the chemical budget of the troposphere. To assess the contribution of wildfire to the emissions of atmospheric trace species in the Great Xing'an Mountains (GXM), which is also the most severe fire-prone boreal forest region in China, we estimated various wildfire activities by combining explicit spatio-temporal remote sensing data with fire-induced emission models. We observed 9998 fire scars with 46,096 km 2 in the GXM between the years 1986 and 2010. The years 1987 and 2003 contributed 33.2% and 22.9%, respectively, in burned area during the 25 years. Fire activity is the strongest in May. Most large fires occurred in the north region of the GXM between 50˝N and 54˝N latitude due to much drier weather and higher fire danger in the northern region than in the southern region of the study domain. Evergreen and deciduous needleleaf forest and deciduous broadleaf forest are the main sources of emissions, accounting for 84%, 81%, 84%, 87%, 89%, 86%, 85% and 74% of the total annual CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , BC and NO x emissions, respectively. Wildfire emissions from shrub, grassland and cropland only account for a small fraction of the total emissions level (approximately 4%-11%). Comparisons of our results with other published estimates of wildfire emissions show reasonable agreement.

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The wildland fire emission inventory: western United States emission estimates and an evaluation of uncertainty

Cited by 107 publications

References 58 publications

Daily black carbon emissions from fires in northern Eurasia for 2002–2015

Daily black carbon emissions from fires in northern Eurasia for 2002–2015

Global top-down smoke-aerosol emissions estimation using satellite fire radiative power measurements

Estimates of Wildfire Emissions in Boreal Forests of China

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