The Wild Pig (Sus Scrofa) Behavior- A Retrospective Study

Allwin, Boon

doi:10.15406/jdvar.2016.03.00083

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our findings are consistent with previous studies on wild boar spatial behaviour which reported this species' search for shade, water and cool moist forest areas under hot and dry climatic conditions (Howe et al 1981, Dexter 1998. Our results, together with the above mentioned findings, corroborate the hypothesis that, being physiologically constrained by their lack of a thermoregulation system (i.e., absence of sweat glands, Allwin et al 2016), wild boars may be particularly reliant on behavioural thermoregulation in their response to high temperature. In this framework, we can suppose that their nocturnal habits are a strategy to concentrate activities during the most favourable (i.e., cooler) hours of the day.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

An analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the activity of a nocturnal species: The wild boar

et al. 2017

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Over the last century, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) has become an important wildlife species in both economic and ecological terms. Considered a pest by some and a resource by others, its rapid increase in population and distribution has raised management concerns. Studies on activity rhythms may provide useful insights into its overall ecology and help develop effective management strategies. By examining highly detailed activity data collected by means of accelerometers fitted on GPS-collars, we studied wild boar daily activity rhythms and the effect of environmental conditions on their diurnal and nocturnal activity. We thus provided evidence of the predominantly nocturnal and monophasic activity of wild boars. All year round, we reported low activity levels during the day, which opportunistically increased under the most favourable environmental conditions. Activity was found to be significantly affected by such weather conditions as temperature, precipitation and air relative humidity. Moreover, we found that nocturnal activity slightly increased as moonlight increased. Part of our analysis was focused on the hunting period in order to investigate whether wild boars modify their activity levels in response to hunting disturbance. Our results suggested that wild boar nocturnal habits are not directly influenced by the current hunting disturbance, though we hypothesised that they may have evolved over several decades of hunting harassment. Alternatively, but not exclusively, nocturnal habits may have evolved as a low-cost strategy to achieve an optimum thermal balance (i.e., behavioural thermoregulation)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

An analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the activity of a nocturnal species: The wild boar

et al. 2017

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“…The mean time adult females of both study areas and adult males of HADCHA engaged in wallowing varied based on season. Wallows are used frequently during the summer months when animals behaviorally try to reduce their heat load and thermoregulation [4]. In the present study, there was no significant variation between GCHA and HADCHA in the mean duration of time both sexes allocated for wallowing during both seasons.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…Hence, they wallow in the mud to lower their body temperature. Wallowing also serves to combat ectoparasites by rubbing against trees [4]. The mean time adult females of both study areas and adult males of HADCHA engaged in wallowing varied based on season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Organization and Activity Patterns of Common Warthog (<i>Phacochoerus africanus Gmelin, </i>1788) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia

Edossa¹,

Bekele²,

Debella³

2020

EEB

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Studies on social organization and activity patterns of common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus Gmelin, 1788) was conducted in southwestern and northeastern Dabena Valley Forest from May 2016 to June 2018. These were in Gassi Controlled Area (GCHA) the southwestern part and in Haro Aba Diko Controlled Hunting Area (HADCHA); the northeastern part of the Valley. Group sizes of common warthogs whose center were on or very near the strip line transect were detected using binoculars and naked eyes. Population structure and group categories were recorded. Observations on diurnal activity patterns were carried out using naked eyes and binoculars. The duration of each activity was recorded using mobile electronic stopwatch. Continual scan sampling methods were used to assess the activity budgets of common warthog populations. The sounder size of common warthog population in GCHA was 246, in HADCHA, it was 652. The population size in the study areas showed a significant difference (χ 2 =18.78, df=1, P=0.05). The highest common warthog population sounder was formed by unidentified juvenile sex: 235 (26.5%), followed by sub-adult male: 191 (21%). During the wet season, the adult male common warthog population sounder size was significantly different (Mann-Whitney: U=1.5, P< 0.005) compared to the subadult female. There were significant differences in walking (F 122 =6.65, P < 0.05) and vigilance (F 122 =26.21, P < 0.05) between GCHA and HADCHA during the wet season. Adult common warthogs spent the highest proportion of the daytime feeding (47.21%), followed by resting (14.29%) and walking (11.94%).

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“…Wild boars exhibit a home range behavior, in which the movements of these animals are generally restricted to a defined area over an extended period of time. However, depending upon ecological conditions, these animals may roam about widely in search of better forage conditions [ 69 , 70 ]. Presently, the wild boar population in India is fragmented and can be observed in isolated groups.…”

Section: Risk Identification and Assessment Of Asfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever in India: Perspectives on Future Outbreaks and Control Strategies

Bora

Manu

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important transboundary diseases of pigs. ASF has been identified in India for the first time in domestic pigs from outbreaks reported in two of the northeastern states, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in 2020. A total of 11 ASF outbreaks in different regions killed over 3700 pigs and devastated the economy of small-scale livestock owners of both the states. Considering the first outbreak of ASF in India, a generic risk assessment framework was determined to identify potential risk factors that might favor future emergence of the disease. Based on the Indian scenario, we considered population density of host, farming practice, availability of biological vectors and wildlife reservoirs, epidemiological cycles, and international trade to analyze the possibility of future outbreaks of ASF and chances of establishment of endemism. On critical analysis of the identified risk factors associated with ASFV transmission, we observed that the risk factors are well preserved in the Indian geography and might participate in future outbreaks, further disseminating the disease to nearby countries. Since no vaccine is currently available against ASF, the domestic and the wild pigs (wild boars and the endangered pygmy hogs native to India) of this region are under constant threat of infection. For the near future, this region will have to continue to rely on the implementation of preventive measures to avoid the devastating losses that outbreaks can cause. The various adaptive control strategies to minimize the risks associated with the transmission of ASF, keeping our views to Indian settings, have been described. The risk-analysis framework presented in the study will give a further understanding of the dynamics of disease transmission and will help to design control strategies and corresponding measures to minimize the catastrophic consequences of ASF disease.

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The Wild Pig (Sus Scrofa) Behavior- A Retrospective Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

An analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the activity of a nocturnal species: The wild boar

An analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the activity of a nocturnal species: The wild boar

Social Organization and Activity Patterns of Common Warthog (<i>Phacochoerus africanus Gmelin, </i>1788) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia

Assessment of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever in India: Perspectives on Future Outbreaks and Control Strategies

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The Wild Pig (Sus Scrofa) Behavior- A Retrospective Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

An analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the activity of a nocturnal species: The wild boar

An analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the activity of a nocturnal species: The wild boar

Social Organization and Activity Patterns of Common Warthog (&lt;i&gt;Phacochoerus africanus Gmelin, &lt;/i&gt;1788) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia

Assessment of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever in India: Perspectives on Future Outbreaks and Control Strategies

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Product

Resources

About

Social Organization and Activity Patterns of Common Warthog (<i>Phacochoerus africanus Gmelin, </i>1788) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia