The whole truth about botulinum toxin – a review

Witmanowski, Henryk; Błochowiak, Katarzyna

doi:10.5114/ada.2019.82795

Cited by 48 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…By reversibly inhibiting neurotransmitter release, BTA induces flaccid muscle paralysis and exhibits reliable efficacy in reducing muscular activity and tonicity. [ 1 ] Nowadays, BTA is the most widely used injectable agent both for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. Its in-label and off-label use are constantly expanding due to its efficacy and rare reports of severe side effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-acute hypersensitive reaction to botulinum toxin type A following Covid-19 vaccination

Guo¹,

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Medicine

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Rationale: Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is one of the most widely used injectable agents in cosmetic surgery. Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) infection and vaccination, which can induce specific and nonspecific activation of the immune system, has been reported to induce delayed inflammatory reactions to previously injected hyaluronic acid fillers. However, there are no reports about the interaction between BTA and Covid-19. We aimed to report 2 sub-acute cases of allergic reactions to BTA in facial cosmesis following the Covid-19 vaccination. Patient concern: A 35-year-old and a 34-year-old female who has several previous BTA injections without any adverse effects experienced facial swelling, flu-like symptoms after BTA treatment following the Covid-19 vaccination. Diagnose: According to the typical clinical manifestation, a hypersensitive reaction to BTA was considered. Intervention: Corticosteroids and antihistamine were administered empirically. Outcomes: The flu-like symptoms recovered over the next day, but the facial swelling gradually faded within 1 to 2 weeks. Lessons: A literature review was also conducted to summarize the hypersensitive actions to cosmesis related to Covid-19. We recommend BTA injection be administered at least 2 to 3 months after Covid-19 vaccination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-acute hypersensitive reaction to botulinum toxin type A following Covid-19 vaccination

Guo¹,

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Medicine

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“…The majority of small molecules, peptides or peptidomimetics with a potential of becoming anti-botulism drugs, tested so far, are directed to step 5), i.e., the metalloprotease activity which eventually causes the flaccid neuroparalysis of botulism (Rossetto et al 2014 ). Clearly, post-exposure drugs are the ones needed after appearance of botulism symptoms following poisoning with contaminated food, or improper use of therapeutical/cosmetic BoNT/A1 or following a bioterrorism attack (Arnon et al 2001 ; Dressler and Benecke 2003 ; Yiannakopoulou 2015 ; Witmanowski and Błochowiak 2020 ).…”

Section: Toxicology Of Tetanus and Botulinum Neurotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicology and pharmacology of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins: an update

2022

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Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins cause the neuroparalytic syndromes of tetanus and botulism, respectively, by delivering inside different types of neurons, metalloproteases specifically cleaving the SNARE proteins that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. Research on their mechanism of action is intensively carried out in order to devise improved therapies based on antibodies and chemical drugs. Recently, major results have been obtained with human monoclonal antibodies and with single chain antibodies that have allowed one to neutralize the metalloprotease activity of botulinum neurotoxin type A1 inside neurons. In addition, a method has been devised to induce a rapid molecular evolution of the metalloprotease domain of botulinum neurotoxin followed by selection driven to re-target the metalloprotease activity versus novel targets with respect to the SNARE proteins. At the same time, an intense and wide spectrum clinical research on novel therapeutics based on botulinum neurotoxins is carried out, which are also reviewed here.

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“…Current evidence shows that, in subjects liable to headaches, the head pain could originate from the needle stimulation of the frontal epicranial aponeurosis or the muscular spasm that occurs just before the block. 24 The treated subjects report a sensation like a weight on the forehead that wanes after some hours and responds well to common analgesics.…”

Section: The Occasional Shortcomings Of Botulinum Toxin and Their Man...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Toxin Type A: Adverse Events and Management

Cavallini

Papagni²,

Lazzari³

et al. 2022

Facial Plast Surg

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Aesthetic medicine is witnessing an increasing exploitation of all the procedures. The demand has never been higher than it is today. The number of practitioners is also increasing year by year. Consequently complications and other kinds of related troubles and procedures are also rising. Never like today is fundamental, in case of troubles, how to properly manage with the most frequent issues. In aesthetic medicine field, botulinum toxin procedures are the safest. Lot of patients are worried about botulinum toxin despite the available scientific literature. Rare short-term complications are observed. In the most of cases, nothing severe occurs if the international recommendations and the most recent guidelines are closely followed, the majority of them are injection related. This study is a review of rare or common problems that can occur and how to manage or solve the situations.

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The whole truth about botulinum toxin – a review

Cited by 48 publications

References 34 publications

Sub-acute hypersensitive reaction to botulinum toxin type A following Covid-19 vaccination

Sub-acute hypersensitive reaction to botulinum toxin type A following Covid-19 vaccination

Toxicology and pharmacology of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins: an update

Botulinum Toxin Type A: Adverse Events and Management

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