2006
DOI: 10.7202/030475ar
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The Wheat Staple and Upper Canadian Development

Abstract: On a dit, et sans doute avec raison, que le commerce du blé fut à la base du développement économique du Haut-Canada. Cependant, si l'on tente d'organiser la masse des données accumulées à date de façon à construire un modèle qui rende compte à la fois du progrès économique et de sa chronologie, de multiples difficultés surgissent en ce qui concerne la séquence des changements et la place qu'y a pris le blé, particulièrement, le blé exporté. Par exemple, si le blé exporté a engendré le développement qu'est-ce … Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…In contrast to indigenous maize-based agricultural regimes of the Iroquoian-speaking peoples on the north shore (Katzenberg 2006), European settlers chose a different path—wheat agriculture. Our isotopic evidence is in line with historical analyses suggesting that wheat came to monopolize agricultural land under European cultivation (McCalla 1978); however, the complete absence of maize in livestock diets at all rural sites provides surprisingly clear insight into the pervasive nature of this shift in agricultural regimes.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 86%
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“…In contrast to indigenous maize-based agricultural regimes of the Iroquoian-speaking peoples on the north shore (Katzenberg 2006), European settlers chose a different path—wheat agriculture. Our isotopic evidence is in line with historical analyses suggesting that wheat came to monopolize agricultural land under European cultivation (McCalla 1978); however, the complete absence of maize in livestock diets at all rural sites provides surprisingly clear insight into the pervasive nature of this shift in agricultural regimes.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 86%
“…Livestock δ 13 C values at rural sites around Toronto ( n = 146) show an overwhelming dominance of C 3 dietary input and support historical interpretations (McCalla 1978; McInnis 1984) suggesting that European settlers in Upper Canada focused on wheat rather than maize agriculture. In this context, it is worth pointing out that butchery marks as well as element types for samples that did produce δ 13 C values indicative of C 4 -feeding at rural sites (SUBC 9189 cattle rib and SUBC 9279 pig vertebra) were consistent with common salt meat cuts, suggesting that they most likely represent the occasional purchase of imported commercial meat products from off-site sources, rather than locally raised animals.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 63%
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“…It is also noteworthy that for rural environments our data show that in some cases, at the individual level, rats still specialized in taking advantage of human food systems. In particular, a small number of rural rat δ 13 C values suggest their activity in the pilfering of maize, a C 4 plant that was a significant crop for European settlers and migrants in many parts of eastern North America during the eighteenth and nineteen centuries, but not in Upper Canada [ 44 ]. This is interesting because it demonstrates a pattern that is not shown by the isotopic composition of livestock from the same sites [ 23 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%