The what, where and how of delay activity

Sreenivasan, Kartik; D’Esposito, Mark

doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0176-7

Cited by 130 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 285 publications

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“…A particularly intriguing question pertains to short-term memory, the ability of the brain to maintain relevant information in memory over several seconds to guide future actions. Both frontal and posterior cortical areas have been implicated in delay activity related to short-term memory (Goard et al, 2016;Guo et al, 2014;Inagaki et al, 2018;Kamigaki and Dan, 2017;Gilad et al, 2018;Harvey et al, 2012;Morcos and Harvey, 2016;Siegel et al, 2015; see also review by Sreenivasan and D'Esposito, 2019). What determines the routing of cortical signal flow towards these possible locations of shortterm memory remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory and Behavioral Components of Neocortical Signal Flow in Discrimination Tasks with Short-term Memory

Gallero‐Salas

Laurenczy

Voigt

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In neocortex, each sensory modality engages distinct primary and secondary areas that route information further to association areas. Where signal flow may converge for maintaining information in short-term memory and how behavior may influence signal routing remain open questions. Using wide-field calcium imaging, we compared cortexwide neuronal activity in layer 2/3 for mice trained in auditory and whisker-based tactile discrimination tasks with delayed response. In both tasks, mice were either active or passive during stimulus presentation, engaging in body movements or sitting quietly. A and RL, respectively). In the subsequent delay period, in contrast, behavioral strategy rather than sensory modality determined where short-term memory was located: frontomedially in active trials and posterolaterally in passive trials. Our results suggest behavior-dependent routing of sensory-driven cortical information flow from modality-specific PPC subdivisions to higher association areas. Irrespective of behavioral strategy, auditory and tactile stimulation activated spatially segregated subdivisions of posterior parietal cortex (areas

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory and Behavioral Components of Neocortical Signal Flow in Discrimination Tasks with Short-term Memory

Gallero‐Salas

Laurenczy

Voigt

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Sreenivasan, Curtis, and D'Esposito (2014) found evidence to suggest that lPFC supports more goal directed information and uses dynamic coding in addition to persistent activity. Sreenivasan and D'Esposito (2019) reviewed numerous examples of dynamic coding, and found evidence that LFP bursts play a role in working memory. Collectively these results were not mutually exclusive with persistent activity serving a role in memory, but they do indicate that memory in the brain involves a wider variety of neural activity.…”

Section: Persistent Firing and Dynamic Coding For Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjunctive representation of what and when in monkey hippocampus and lateral prefrontal cortex during an associative memory task

Cruzado

Tiganj

Brincat

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Adaptive memory requires the organism to form associations that bridge between events separated in time. Many studies show interactions between hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) during formation of such associations. We analyze neural recording from monkey HPC and PFC during a memory task that requires the monkey to associate stimuli separated by about a second in time. After the first stimulus was presented, large numbers of units in both HPC and PFC fired in sequence. Many units fired only when a particular a stimulus was presented at a particular time in the past. These results indicate that both HPC and PFC maintain a temporal record of events that could be used to form associations across time. This temporal record of the past is a key component of the temporal coding hypothesis, a hypothesis in psychology that memory not only encodes what happened, but when it happened.

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“…A large body of experimental and computational work suggests that this 3 information can be maintained in persistent neural activity arising from local recurrent connections [28] or 4 even cortical-subcortical loops [11] (for a recent review, we refer the reader to [31]). Both sustained and 5 sequential forms of persistent activity have been observed across tasks and brain regions [26], including the 6 prefrontal cortex (PFC) [7,18,24]. 7 An alternative mechanism for the maintenance of short-term memories is via short-term synaptic 8 facilitation, using presynaptic residual calcium as a memory buffer [2,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 We use computational models to study the form of short-term memory used in the task (Figure 2). 26 Specifically, we compare the output of a recurrent neural network in which the memory trace is stored in 27 persistent neural activity, with a feedforward neural network with depressing synapses in which the memory 28 trace is stored in short-term synaptic efficacies. We find that the purely feedforward model with depressing 29 synapses can better capture the observed adaptation in neural responses across repeated stimuli, as well 30 as the asymmetric pattern of behavioral responses to different image changes in mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation supports short-term memory in a visual change detection task

Garrett

Groblewski

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The maintenance of short-term memories is critical for survival in a dynamically changing world. Previous studies suggest that this memory can be stored in the form of persistent neural activity or using a synaptic mechanism, such as with short-term plasticity. Here, we compare the predictions of these two mechanisms to neural and behavioral measurements in a visual change detection task. Mice were trained to respond to changes in a repeated sequence of natural images while neural activity was recorded using two-photon calcium imaging. We trained two different models to perform the same visual change detection task. Compared to a recurrent neural network (RNN), we find that a feedforward neural network with short-term synaptic depression (STPNet) is more consistent with the pattern of behavioral responses to image changes in mice and the observed adaptation in neural responses across repeated image presentations. These results suggest that simple neural adaptation mechanisms may serve as an important bottom-up memory signal in this task, which can be used by downstream areas in the decision-making process.

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The what, where and how of delay activity

Cited by 130 publications

References 285 publications

Sensory and Behavioral Components of Neocortical Signal Flow in Discrimination Tasks with Short-term Memory

Sensory and Behavioral Components of Neocortical Signal Flow in Discrimination Tasks with Short-term Memory

Conjunctive representation of what and when in monkey hippocampus and lateral prefrontal cortex during an associative memory task

Adaptation supports short-term memory in a visual change detection task

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