The West Nile Virus-Like Flavivirus Koutango Is Highly Virulent in Mice due to Delayed Viral Clearance and the Induction of a Poor Neutralizing Antibody Response

Prow, Natalie A.; Setoh, Yin Xiang; Biron, Rebecca M.; Sester, David P.; Kim, Kwang Sik; Hobson‐Peters, Jody; Hall, Roy A.; Bielefeldt‐Ohmann, Helle

doi:10.1128/jvi.01304-14

Cited by 45 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The isolation and propagation of the outbreak strain WNV NSW2011 has been described previously (Frost et al, 2012). These two strains were titrated by plaque assay on African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells (Prow et al, 2014) and the virus stock titres were expressed as p.f.u. Multiple survival challenge experiments involving female CD-1 Swiss outbred mice 24-28 days old were conducted, as described previously (Prow et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two strains were titrated by plaque assay on African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells (Prow et al, 2014) and the virus stock titres were expressed as p.f.u. Multiple survival challenge experiments involving female CD-1 Swiss outbred mice 24-28 days old were conducted, as described previously (Prow et al, 2014). Ten mice were randomly assigned to each virus challenge group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At either time of end-point euthanasia or discovery of carcass, samples of the neural and extraneural tissues were taken for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis (Prow et al, 2014). The entire head, with skin and calvarium removed, along with the entire length of the vertebral column were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin for 48-72 h, followed by de-calcification in 8 % formic acid for 3-4 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These samples were fixed in the same manner, followed by storage in 70 % ethanol until processing for histopathology examinations. All samples were processed and analysed, as described previously (Prow et al, 2014). Severity of histopathological lesions was scored semiquantitatively on a scale of 0-5, by an observer blinded to the group and clinical outcome (H.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immunohistochemistry protocol for detection of flaviviral non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen has been described previously in detail (Prow et al, 2014). Anti-flavivirus NS1-specific mAb 4G4 (Clark et al, 2007) was used for detection of WNV and MVEV infection in neural and extraneural tissues.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

End-point disease investigation for virus strains of intermediate virulence as illustrated by flavivirus infections

Suen

Prow

Setoh

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

End-point disease investigation for virus strains of intermediate virulence as illustrated by flavivirus infections

Suen

Prow

Setoh

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

West Nile Virus Infection

Bahuon

Lecollinet

Beck

2015

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod‐borne virus transmitted mainly by mosquito bites. Wild avifauna constitutes its natural reservoir. Mammals are dead‐end hosts as they generally do not develop a viraemia high enough to trigger a new infection cycle. WNV belongs to the Flavivirus genus and can be responsible for a disease known as WN fever. Humans and horses are the most sensitive hosts as they may develop severe neurological signs. WNV has a worldwide distribution and caused numerous outbreaks since the late 1990s, most notably in North America and Europe. Lineage 1 strains have caused the most severe outbreaks to date. However, the situation has recently evolved with the emergence in the late 2000s of pathogenic lineage 2 strains in South Africa, Russia and Eastern and Southern Europe. Many developments in the fields of WN diagnosis and vaccination have been described in the recent years and may help control WNV spread. Key Concepts West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arbovirus mainly transmitted by mosquitoes. It is an enveloped, positive‐stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae . WNV has a wide geographical range that includes Europe, the Middle East, Western Asia, Africa, Australia (Kunjin virus) and North, Central and South America. Most WNV infections are asymptomatic, but can be responsible for a disease known as WN fever (10–20% of WNV infections) or severe neurological signs (1–10% of WNV infections) in humans and horses. Humans and horses are the most sensitive hosts. Since the late 1990s, pathogenic WNV strains have begun to emerge. Diagnosis can be difficult as flaviviruses are antigenically related. There are no effective drugs or treatments against WNV infections. Approved vaccines are available in equids, and human vaccines are under development. Control of WNV outbreaks largely depends on vector control measures and interventions.

show abstract

An Overview of Current Approaches Toward the Treatment and Prevention of West Nile Virus Infection

Acharya

Bai

2016

Methods in Molecular Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The persistence of West Nile virus (WNV) infections throughout the USA since its inception in 1999 and its continuous spread throughout the globe calls for an urgent need of effective treatments and prevention measures. Although the licensing of several WNV vaccines for veterinary use provides a proof of concept, similar efforts on the development of an effective vaccine for humans remain still unsuccessful. Increased understanding of biology and pathogenesis of WNV together with recent technological advancements have raised hope that an effective WNV vaccine may be available in the near future. In addition, rapid progress in the structural and functional characterization of WNV and other flaviviral proteins have provided a solid base for the design and development of several classes of inhibitors as potential WNV therapeutics. Moreover, the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies demonstrate an excellent efficacy against WNV in animal models and represent a promising class of WNV therapeutics. However, there are some challenges as to the design and development of a safe and efficient WNV vaccine or therapeutic. In this chapter, we discuss the current approaches, progress, and challenges toward the development of WNV vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and antiviral drugs.

show abstract

The West Nile Virus-Like Flavivirus Koutango Is Highly Virulent in Mice due to Delayed Viral Clearance and the Induction of a Poor Neutralizing Antibody Response

Cited by 45 publications

References 63 publications

End-point disease investigation for virus strains of intermediate virulence as illustrated by flavivirus infections

End-point disease investigation for virus strains of intermediate virulence as illustrated by flavivirus infections

West Nile Virus Infection

An Overview of Current Approaches Toward the Treatment and Prevention of West Nile Virus Infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About