The Weitin Fault, Papua New Guinea, Ruptured Twice by M<sub>w</sub> 8.0 and M<sub>w</sub> 7.7 Earthquakes in 2000 and 2019

Chen, Kejie; Milliner, C. W. D.; Avouac, Jean Philippe

doi:10.1029/2019gl084645

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The 14 May 2019 Mw 7.6 New Ireland Earthquake occurred in Papua New Guinea. It ruptured bilaterally to the northwest and southeast along the highly active Weitin fault (Chen et al., 2019; Tregoning et al., 1999), consistent with the left‐lateral strike‐slip W‐phase focal mechanism (USGS, https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70003kyy/moment-tensor, last access in June 2021). The similarity between this earthquake and our synthetic Model C makes this event an ideal case to test our theoretical relation against a natural earthquake.…”

Section: Theoretical Relations Between Heterogeneity Wavelength and F...mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…We note that in this case there is no clear expression of any fault structural complexity in optical image measurements as well as geological mapping, which show quite linear fault geometry (Chen et al, 2019;Lindley, 2006). However, high stress-drops have been inferred off-shore, where a previous Mw 8.0 rupture terminated in 2000, perhaps due to locally more intense dynamic weakening.…”

Section: Application To the 2019 Mw76 New Ireland Earthquakementioning

confidence: 80%

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Rupture Heterogeneity and Directivity Effects in Back‐Projection Analysis

Bao

et al. 2022

JGR Solid Earth

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The back projection method is a tremendously powerful technique for investigating the time dependent earthquake source, but its physical interpretation is elusive. We investigate how earthquake rupture heterogeneity and directivity can affect back‐projection results (imaged location and beam power) using synthetic earthquake models. Rather than attempting to model the dynamics of any specific real earthquake, we use idealized kinematic rupture models, with constant or varying rupture velocity, peak slip rate, and fault‐local strike orientation along unilateral or bilateral rupturing faults, and perform back‐projection with the resultant synthetic seismograms. Our experiments show back‐projection can track only heterogeneous rupture processes; homogeneous rupture is not resolved in our synthetic experiments. The amplitude of beam power does not necessarily correlate with the amplitude of any specific rupture parameter (e.g., slip rate or rupture velocity) at the back‐projected location. Rather, it depends on the spatial heterogeneity around the back‐projected rupture front, and is affected by the rupture directivity. A shorter characteristic wavelength of the source heterogeneity or rupture directivity toward the array results in strong beam power in higher frequency. We derive an equation based on Doppler theory to relate the wavelength of heterogeneity with synthetic seismogram frequency. This theoretical relation can explain the frequency‐ and array‐dependent back‐projection results not only in our synthetic experiments but also to analyze the 2019 M7.6 bilaterally rupturing New Ireland earthquake. Our study provides a novel perspective to physically interpret back‐projection results and to retrieve information about earthquake rupture characteristics.

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Section: Theoretical Relations Between Heterogeneity Wavelength and F...mentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Application To the 2019 Mw76 New Ireland Earthquakementioning

confidence: 80%

Rupture Heterogeneity and Directivity Effects in Back‐Projection Analysis

Bao

et al. 2022

JGR Solid Earth

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New Insights Into Crustal Deformation of the Indonesia–Australia–New Guinea Collision Zone From a Broad‐Scale Kinematic Model

et al. 2023

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Regions with active tectonic activity like the IANGCZ are often delineated in global plate models as "deforming zones" (Kreemer et al., 2014) or "orogens" (Bird, 2003), for which crustal motion data are excluded from the determination of the otherwise rigid plate motion. Even as early as the 1970s, however, it was recognized that such areas of deformation are often themselves usefully described in terms of discrete "microplates" (e.g., Alvarez et al., 1974;Dewey et al., 1973), relatively small-scale blocks with little internal deformation except near

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Swarm-TEC Satellite Measurements as a Potential Earthquake Precursor Together With Other Swarm and CSES Data: The Case of Mw7.6 2019 Papua New Guinea Seismic Event

et al. 2022

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On May 14, 2019, a strong Mw = 7.6 shallow earthquake occurred in Papua New Guinea. This paper explores for the first time the analysis of total electron content (TEC) products measured for 6 months by GPS antenna onboard Swarm satellites, to detect possible seismo-ionospheric anomalies around the time and location of the above-mentioned earthquake. The night-time vertical total electron content (VTEC) time series measured using Swarm satellites Alpha and Charlie, inside the earthquake Dobrovolsky’s area show striking anomalies 31 and 35 days before the event. We successfully verified the possible presence of concomitant anomalous values of in situ electron density detected by the new Chinese satellite dedicated to search for electromagnetic earthquake precursors [China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES)-01]. On the other hand, the analysis of VTEC night time measured by Swarm Bravo shows gradual and abnormal increase of the VTEC parameter from about 23 days before the earthquake, which descends 3 days before the earthquake and reaches its lowest level around the earthquake day. We also analyzed the time series and tracks of other six in situ parameters measured by Swarm satellites, electron density from CSES, and also GPS-TEC measurements. As it is expected from the theory, the electron density anomalous variations acknowledge the Swarm VTEC anomalies, confirming that those anomalies are real and not an artifact of the analysis. The comparative analysis with measurements of other Swarm and CSES sensors emphasizes striking anomalies about 2.5 weeks before the event, with a clear pattern of the whole anomalies typical of a critical system as the earthquake process is for Earth. A confutation analysis outside the Dobrovolsky area and without significant seismicity shows no anomalies. Therefore based on our study, the VTEC products of Swarm satellites could be an appropriate precursor aside from the other measured plasma and magnetic parameters using Alpha, Bravo, and Charlie Swarm and CSES satellites that can be simultaneously analyzed to reduce the overall uncertainty.

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The Weitin Fault, Papua New Guinea, Ruptured Twice by M_w 8.0 and M_w 7.7 Earthquakes in 2000 and 2019

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Rupture Heterogeneity and Directivity Effects in Back‐Projection Analysis

Rupture Heterogeneity and Directivity Effects in Back‐Projection Analysis

New Insights Into Crustal Deformation of the Indonesia–Australia–New Guinea Collision Zone From a Broad‐Scale Kinematic Model

Swarm-TEC Satellite Measurements as a Potential Earthquake Precursor Together With Other Swarm and CSES Data: The Case of Mw7.6 2019 Papua New Guinea Seismic Event

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The Weitin Fault, Papua New Guinea, Ruptured Twice by Mw 8.0 and Mw 7.7 Earthquakes in 2000 and 2019

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Rupture Heterogeneity and Directivity Effects in Back‐Projection Analysis

Rupture Heterogeneity and Directivity Effects in Back‐Projection Analysis

New Insights Into Crustal Deformation of the Indonesia–Australia–New Guinea Collision Zone From a Broad‐Scale Kinematic Model

Swarm-TEC Satellite Measurements as a Potential Earthquake Precursor Together With Other Swarm and CSES Data: The Case of Mw7.6 2019 Papua New Guinea Seismic Event

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The Weitin Fault, Papua New Guinea, Ruptured Twice by M_w 8.0 and M_w 7.7 Earthquakes in 2000 and 2019