The weather and climate of the tropics: Part 6 – Monsoons

Galvin, Jim

doi:10.1002/wea.230

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The ITD separates the tropical maritime (mT) air mass of the Atlantic Ocean from the dry tropical continental (cT) air mass of the Sahara desert. The air‐mass change is a monsoon, moving (unsteadily) north from May and (unsteadily) south from September, bringing moist air inland across West Africa as far as the Sahel (Galvin, ). The ITD determines the penetration of the moist air masses (Adejuwon et al, ).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate variability and the dichotomy in male–female school attendance: a case study of Zamfara State in semi‐arid Nigeria

Adejuwon

2018

Weather

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This study examines the response of male and female school attendance to climate in Zamfara State, Nigeria from 1970 to 2006. Bivariate (Spearman) correlation, pairwise t‐test, standardised anomaly index and descriptive statistics were used to analyse climate, school enrolment and attendance data. Results showed that 71.52% of males and 28.48% of females attended school. The male pupil population was larger than the female pupil population at all schools, while the female dropout rate was greater than that of males at seven schools. Male attendance was highest at Township 1 Special Model Primary School, Gusau, and female attendance was highest at A Tunalim Primary School, Talata‐Mafara, while both were lowest at Wuya Model Primary School, Anka. Male school attendance and its total varied by school, from 30 to 3430 pupils, and the rate of attendance varied between 53.17 and 92.26%; female attendance varied between 4 and 1570 pupils. Both male and female pupils recorded low attendance and high dropout rates in drought years. The total annual dropout of male pupils at each school varied from 1 to 200, with a rate of between 36.26 and 81.53%, while annual female dropout varied from 1 to 100, with a rate of between 18.47 and 63.74%. The total dropout rate of the whole school population was 2.75% (1.62% male and 1.13% female); 58.79% of students who dropped out were male and 41.21% were female, accounting for 2.26% of the male and 3.97% of the female school population. Temperature showed no significant correlation with attendance. Rainfall had a more significant relationship with school attendance for male pupils than female pupils at P ≤ 0.05. The extent to which rainfall significantly determined school attendance varied from 14.82 to 25.91%. A pairwise t‐test showed a significant difference between male and female pupils' school attendance at all schools. This study concludes that climate affected male pupils more than female pupils.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate variability and the dichotomy in male–female school attendance: a case study of Zamfara State in semi‐arid Nigeria

Adejuwon

2018

Weather

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“…As we have seen throughout the series, there is great potential for severe weather in most of the tropical zone. From the parched deserts to torrential downpours, marked seasonal changes to tropical revolving storms, squall lines with hail and thunder, the tropics has perhaps more than its fair share of severe weather (Galvin, 2008a(Galvin, , 2008c(Galvin, , 2008d(Galvin, , 2009aGalvin and Membery, 2008). Associated with the weather are plague and pestilence.…”

Section: Concluding the Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The weather and climate of the tropics: Part 10 – Tropical agriculture

Galvin

Jones

2009

Weather

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“…Most tropical revolving storms of the Arabian Sea have a peculiar character, closely associated with the onset and recession of the south-west monsoon (Galvin and Lakshminarayanan, 2006 Crucially, once the monsoon sets in (Galvin 2008c), the strength of the wind overturns the ocean, bringing cool water to the surface, preventing further storms forming. Thus these pre-monsoon storms can form no more than once per year (Membery, 2001).…”

Section: Tropical Cyclones In the Indian Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The weather and climate of the tropics: Part 7 – Tropical revolving storms

Galvin

2008

Weather

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The weather and climate of the tropics: Part 6 – Monsoons

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Climate variability and the dichotomy in male–female school attendance: a case study of Zamfara State in semi‐arid Nigeria

Climate variability and the dichotomy in male–female school attendance: a case study of Zamfara State in semi‐arid Nigeria

The weather and climate of the tropics: Part 10 – Tropical agriculture

The weather and climate of the tropics: Part 7 – Tropical revolving storms

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