The Way We Were: Command-and-Control Centres in the Global Space-Economy on the Eve of the 2008 Geo-Economic Transition

Taylor, Peter J.; Ni, Pei; Derudder, Ben; Hoyler, Michael; Huang, Jin; Feng-yong, LU; Pain, Kathy; Witlox, Frank; Yang, Xiaolan; Bassens, David; Shen, Wei

doi:10.1068/a41318

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The difference between these approaches (i.e. the concentration of headquarters vs. the power of cities) is presented through an example: According to studies that focus on the spatial concentration of headquarters of leading TNCs, only Tokyo, New York, London, and Paris can be considered as major command and control centres of the world economy (Godfrey, Zhou, 1999;Alderson, Beckfield, 2004, Taylor et al, 2009MGI, 2011), while these studies give minor consideration to some important second-tier cities, e.g. Beijing, Osaka, and Zurich.…”

Section: Measuring the Command And Control Function Of Cities On The mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, it is very common to count the number of headquarters of leading TNCs and banks (perhaps the regional headquarters of subsidiaries) that are concentrated in given cities; and then, on the basis of this sum or by some sort of weighted scoring, define the position of these cities in the national/world city system (see, for example, Borchert, 1978;Cohen, 1981;Wheeler, 1985;Holloway, Wheeler, 1991;Meijer, 1993;Lyons, Salmon, 1995;Abbott, 1997;Godfrey, Zhou, 1999;Alderson, Beckfield, 2004;Taylor et al, 2009). Counting the number of TNC headquarters located in given cities has key importance in several studies and can definitely be measured on some level in regard to the command and control function; however, this alone cannot adequately reflect the real power of cities as they pertain to the economy.…”

Section: Measuring the Command And Control Function Of Cities On The mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cities as command and control centres of the world economy: An empirical analysis, 2006–2015

Csomós

2017

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series

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Abstract. As a result of their rapid economic growth, several powerful corporate giants have emerged in developing countries, especially in China, operating not only in the traditional manufacturing sector, but also in high-tech industries and finance. Major cities in developing countries have gradually become important command and control centres of the global economy, and have also become powerful enough to be in the same tier as major cities of developed countries around the world. In this paper, I examine the position of cities as command and control centres on the basis of the power of their headquartered corporations. The result shows that until 2012, New York, London, Tokyo, and Paris; i.e. the global cities, were the leading command and control centres. However, the gap between these global cities and Beijing gradually closed, and by 2015, the Chinese capital outranked all the global cities. The outstanding performance of Beijing-based corporations that operate in financial, energy, and construction services sectors is the driving force behind Beijing's increasing global power. In addition, the leading position of the global cities as command and control centres has been threatened by the San Francisco-San Jose metropolitan region, a newly emerging economic hub in the United States.

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Section: Measuring the Command And Control Function Of Cities On The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measuring the Command And Control Function Of Cities On The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cities as command and control centres of the world economy: An empirical analysis, 2006–2015

Csomós

2017

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series

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“…We therefore argue that it is exactly the capability to answer to those 'other' existing or emerging financial circuits that puts some successful cities ahead of the game, especially within in light of major geographical shifts in the global economy and its articulation in world cities and IFCs (Derudder et al, 2010;Taylor et al, 2009). Third, as the study of IFS shows, globalization in the Middle East in general, and Gulf cities in particular entails more than increased integration in the world economy along the lines of 'Western' MNCs, NGOs, and International Financial Institutions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting Shari’a standards: On the role, power and spatialities of interlocking Shari’a boards in Islamic financial services

2011

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This paper aims to refine earlier research on the geographies of Islamic financial services (IFS) through a study of how cities are being connected through interlocking directorates in Shari'a advisory boards of IFS firms. The relevance of this analysis is discussed against the backdrop of recent critiques on mainstream 'world cities' research because of structuralist and universalizing tendencies. By applying a network concept to the relationalities of world cities within financial circuits, we explore the nested city/firm/actor structure behind Shari'a board membership, and reassess the connectivity of cities in the IFS network in terms of the role and spatialities of interlocking Shari'a boards. The results show that Gulf cities, most notably Manama, Dubai and Kuwait City are particularly well-connected, while also mainstay financial centres outside the Middle East, such as London and New York are networked by interlocking board memberships of a global Shari'a elite. The dominant position of Manama is traced back to its role as a standard-setting city for Shari'a-compliant investments, which materializes through the enacted presence of an array of highly interlocked regulatory bodies and mediating elites.

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“…While the insertion of cities in a shifting global economy is undergoing large-scale changes, notably in terms of APS provisioning Taylor, Ni, Derudder et al 2009), this paper has illustrated that a number of cities are becoming powerful hubs in different economic spheres through the growth of regional or niche markets, and especially through their role in the globalizing IFS network. The study of Islamic business networks adds to 'urgent' lines of research (Samers 2001) that provide an 'alternative' (Lai 2009) or 'decentred' (Pollard andSamers 2007) view on the emerging forms of global entrepreneurship.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Avenues For Further Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Gatekeepers’ of Islamic financial circuits: Analysing urban geographies of the global Shari’a elite

Bassens

Derudder

Witlox

2012

Entrepreneurship & Regional Development

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This paper analyses the importance of 'Shari'a scholars' in the Islamic Financial Services (IFS) sector, which has been a growing global practice since the 1970s. Based on Shari'a Law, IFS firms provide banking, finance and insurance respecting faith-based prohibitions on interest, speculation and risk taking. Although IFS firms operate across a variety of scales and involve a range of actors, this paper focuses on the transnational capacities of Shari'a experts employed by IFS firms. These scholars use their extensive knowledge of Shari'a Law to assess the 'Islamic' character of a firm's operations, and assist the development of Shari'a-compliant products. As they embody necessary entry-points into Islamic circuits of knowledge and authority, members of what we dub the 'global Shari'a elite' can be regarded as 'gatekeepers' of Islamic financial circuits. Drawing on a comprehensive data source we present a geographical analysis of Shari'a board membership, nationality and educational background of 253 Shari'a scholars. The results show that the global Shari'a elite connects a limited number of IFS hubs (e.g., Dubai, Kuala Lumpur, Kuwait City, Manama, and London) to knowledge and authority networks falling outside 'mainstream' business and service spheres.

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The Way We Were: Command-and-Control Centres in the Global Space-Economy on the Eve of the 2008 Geo-Economic Transition

Cited by 59 publications

References 9 publications

Cities as command and control centres of the world economy: An empirical analysis, 2006–2015

Cities as command and control centres of the world economy: An empirical analysis, 2006–2015

Setting Shari’a standards: On the role, power and spatialities of interlocking Shari’a boards in Islamic financial services

‘Gatekeepers’ of Islamic financial circuits: Analysing urban geographies of the global Shari’a elite

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