The way forward after COVID-19 vaccination: vaccine passports with blockchain to protect personal privacy

Tsoi, Kelvin K.F.; Sung, Joseph J.Y.; Lee, Helen W Y; Yiu, Karen; Fung, Hong; Wong, Samuel Yeung‐Shan

doi:10.1136/bmjinnov-2021-000661

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Regarding individual rights and personal freedoms, people who oppose vaccine passports also raise concerns about data privacy [ 63 ], reasoning that such initiatives would typically entail large-scale data collection and processing, and the databases created for implementing vaccine passports may lead to mass surveillance. Questions have also been raised about the lawfulness and ethics of vaccine passports [ 9 , 64 , 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicting attitudes: Analyzing social media data to understand the early discourse on COVID-19 passports

Khan

Malik

Ruhi

et al. 2022

Technology in Society

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In several countries, vaccine passports are being encouraged to hasten the return to some form of normalcy amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine passport is a digital or paper document that may serve as proof of the COVID-19 vaccine, thereby allowing entry to public venues, sporting events, air travel, and unrestricted access to other facilities. This study explores how the COVID-19 passport is being discussed and perceived on Twitter and the prominent entities involved in the early discourse on the issue. Twitter messages were theoretically analyzed for Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables, as well as message source, engagement, and attitudes towards vaccination certificates. Using quantitative content analysis, tweets were coded on nine dimensions: account type, tweeter profile, tweet content, tweet modality, attitude, self-efficacy, perceived barriers, benefits, and action cues. Most of the tweets originated from personal accounts, followed by media organizations, media-related personalities, politicians, and the travel industry. A significant number of tweets were from male Twitter users. Our analysis revealed that most tweeters had a favorable attitude towards the COVID-19 passports. Unfavorable attitudes toward the COVID-19 passport were based on reasons such as a lack of common standard or consensus, and personal freedoms & human rights. Tweets highlighting the benefits of COVID-19 passports cited travel as the primary reason. Based on a combination of technical, legal, and ethical practices, our study offers a set of vital recommendations for governments, health organizations, and businesses that may help stimulate the acceptance of vaccine passports.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicting attitudes: Analyzing social media data to understand the early discourse on COVID-19 passports

Khan

Malik

Ruhi

et al. 2022

Technology in Society

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“…With hackers becoming more stronger, the frauds are increasingfake certificates, black marketing of vaccine doses, etc. To handle the aforementioned problems, Tsoi et al [124] proposed a BC-based solution of vaccine passports. BC proves to be one of the safest way to store and share this sensitive data required for monitoring the patient post vaccine to know its side effects, how long the vaccine provides protection from the virus and alert about any new variants emerging out there despite the vaccine being taken.…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dr. S. Saranya [80] 2021 Proposed a IoT-integrated BC solution called Go-Win from a secured supply chain of vaccine doses A system architecture to safely deliver the vaccines to health centers with cloud services and smart IoT monitoring system. Tsoi et al [124] 2021 Proposed a BC-based technique to issue vaccine passports to vaccinated individuals for prevention of frauds and analysis of post vaccination scenarios…”

Section: Bc-based Digital Vaccine Passports: a Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Blockchain for COVID-19: a comprehensive review

Shah

Tanwar

et al. 2021

Pers Ubiquit Comput

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The rampant and sudden outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus also called COVID-19 and its uncontrollable spread have led to a global crisis. COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease and the only way to fight with it is to follow social distancing and Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs). Moreover, this virus is increasing exponentially day-by-day and a huge amount of data from this disease is also generated at the fast pace. So, there is a need to store, manage, and analyze this huge amount of data efficiently to get meaningful insights from it, which further helps medical professionals to tackle this global pandemic situation. Moreover, this data is to be passed through an open channel, i.e., the Internet, which opens the doors for the intruders to perform some malicious activities. Blockchain (BC) emerges as a technology that can manage the data in an efficient, transparent manner and also preserve the privacy of all the stakeholders. It can also aid in transaction authorization and verification in the supply chain or payments. Motivated by these facts, in this paper, we present a comprehensive review on the adoption of BC to tackle COVID-19 situations. We also present a case study on BC-based digital vaccine passports and analyzed its complexity. Finally, we analyzed the research challenges and future directions in this emerging area.

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“…As data are stored on the public's vaccination status, digitization of VPs might also increase privacy concerns ( https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/04/technology/vaccine-passport-ny-privacy.html ; Roccato et al, 2021 ; Tsoi et al, 2021 ; Wilford et al, 2021 ), with data leaks making it easier to identify the unvaccinated, who might fear spillover discriminations in the job market. 9 This might prevent some from not seeking vaccinations or not applying for passports, which would adversely impact the demand for related goods.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing the risk of COVID‐19 via vaccine passports: Modeling economic and policy implications

Goel

Jones

2022

Manage Decis Econ

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The increasing use of vaccine passports (VPs) to certify immunity from the prevailing coronavirus has created positive and negative aspects that have shaken the workings of markets. The VPs are, however, not universally used and not required by all businesses and governments at this point. Given the newness associated with VPs and the ongoing uncertainty of the pandemic, full implications of VPs have not been considered. This paper provides some formal insights into the implications of the use of VPs, borrowing from the established economic theory. Recommendations for public policy are provided.

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The way forward after COVID-19 vaccination: vaccine passports with blockchain to protect personal privacy

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

Conflicting attitudes: Analyzing social media data to understand the early discourse on COVID-19 passports

Conflicting attitudes: Analyzing social media data to understand the early discourse on COVID-19 passports

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Blockchain for COVID-19: a comprehensive review

Managing the risk of COVID‐19 via vaccine passports: Modeling economic and policy implications

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