The Wavelengths of Helical Bacterial Flagella

Pijper, Adrianus; Neser, Madeleine L.; Abraham, Gigy

doi:10.1099/00221287-14-2-371

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Among the curly types reported in a previous paper (Iino, 1962 a), curly-i flagella of Salmonella typhimurium belong to the original curly and curly-a flagella of S. abortusequi to hooked-curly. The curly type observed by Pijper, Nefer & Abraham (1956) and Leifson, Carhart & Fulton (1955) under dark-field or light microscope may correspond to para-curly or hooked-curly in the present report: in all of them the ratios of normal wavelength/curly wavelength were in the range 1.8-2-2 to 1 while in the curly type flagella of SJ 30 it was 2-4-2.5 to 1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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Flagella-Shape Mutants in Salmonella

Iino¹,

Mitani²

1966

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYSeven flagella-shape mutants were isolated from a curly-flagella strain of Salmonella abortusequi. The motility in broth and spreading ability on semi-solid medium of these mutants as well as flagellar morphology were examined by dark field and electron microscopy. They were classified into the following five mutant types, heteromorphous, small-amplitude, para-curly, short and hooked-curly.Each of these mutants manifests its characteristic flagellar shape and motility, and the spreading ability of these mutants on semi-solid m,edium decreases in the order : normal, heteromorphous, small-amplitude, paracurly, short, hooked-curly, curly.Except in the small-amplitude and short mutants, the shape of a flagellar bundle of living bacteria under the dark-field microscope corresponded in each mutant to a spiral of the flagella observed under the electron microscope. In the small-amplitude mutant, transconformation of the flagellar bundle from small-amplitude to curly was observed in organisms suspended in 0.5 yo (w/v) methylcellulose solution. In the short mutant, the flagellar bundle was not seen in the dark-field microscope.Difference of antigenic specificities between the flagella of the parental curly and each of the mutants were not detected when examined by absorption-agglu tinat ion tests.From transduction analyses with P 22 phage, it was found that the traits of each of the four mutants heteromorphous, small-amplitude, para-curly, short were transferred with the structural gene of phase-2 flagellin and had no effect on the flagellar shape and motility in phase-1. From this, it is inferred that the characteristic flagellar shape and motility of these mutants are primarily to be attributed to the conformation of the flagellin which composes the mutant flagella.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…By dark-field microscopy, dimorphism in the spiral of flagellar bundles was observed by Pijper & Abraham (1954) in Sarcina urea and S. agilis. The dimorphous spirals they reported were normal and curly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Flagella-Shape Mutants in Salmonella

Iino¹,

Mitani²

1966

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…A normal filament is lefthanded and has a pitch of about 2.5 m and a diameter of about 0.5 m, while curly filaments are right-handed and have a smaller pitch and diameter. The diameter of a curly filament is so small that, to Pijper, it often appeared straight (32,34). From 1931 onwards, Pijper used the sun as a light source, equipping his microscope with a heliostat (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Real-Time Imaging of Fluorescent Flagellar Filaments

2000

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Bacteria swim by rotating flagellar filaments that are several micrometers long, but only about 20 nm in diameter. The filaments can exist in different polymorphic forms, having distinct values of curvature and twist. Rotation rates are on the order of 100 Hz. In the past, the motion of individual filaments has been visualized by dark-field or differential-interference-contrast microscopy, methods hampered by intense scattering from the cell body or shallow depth of field, respectively. We have found a simple procedure for fluorescently labeling cells and filaments that allows recording their motion in real time with an inexpensive video camera and an ordinary fluorescence microscope with mercury-arc or strobed laser illumination. We report our initial findings with cells of Escherichia coli. Tumbles (events that enable swimming cells to alter course) are remarkably varied. Not every filament on a cell needs to change its direction of rotation: different filaments can change directions at different times, and a tumble can result from the change in direction of only one. Polymorphic transformations tend to occur in the sequence normal, semicoiled, curly 1, with changes in the direction of movement of the cell body correlated with transformations to the semicoiled form.

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“…Many bacteria show two different wavelengths in their helices, one twice the other i"biplicity", Pijper, Neser and Abraham, 1950). and the wave lengths are characteristic for any given bacterium [Pijper, Neser andAbraham, 1950: Pijper, 1957). With the change-over from straight tail to helix motility is seen to diminish and tends to stop (Pijper, 1950(Pijper, : 1957.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Pseudomonads in the sunlight microscope so far only a helical stage of appendages has been seen (Pijper, Neser andAbraham, 1950: Pijper, 1957).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagella, motility, and agglutination of Pseudomonas viscosa

Pijper¹

1958

Pathobiology

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The Wavelengths of Helical Bacterial Flagella

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Flagella-Shape Mutants in Salmonella

Flagella-Shape Mutants in Salmonella

Real-Time Imaging of Fluorescent Flagellar Filaments

Flagella, motility, and agglutination of Pseudomonas viscosa

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