The Wavelengths in Sunlight Effective in Producing Skin Cancer: A Theoretical Analysis

Setlow, R. B.

doi:10.1073/pnas.71.9.3363

Cited by 1,063 publications

(659 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…DNA damage, Setlov, 1974;generalized plant damage, Caldwell, 1971). However, most action spectra of the inhibitory effects of UV radiation on photosynthesis indicate that UVA wavelengths are effective (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of intertidal and subtidal red algae to UVA and UVB radiation, as monitored by Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements: Influence of collection depth and season, and length of irradiation

Dring

Wagner

Boeskov

et al. 1996

European Journal of Phycology

129

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Thirteen species from the red algal flora of Helgoland (southern North Sea) were exposed to UVA ÷ UVB radiation for various periods in the laboratory, and dark-adapted variable fluorescence (F v : Fro) was measured immediately after the UV treatment and again after various recovery times in white light. With the exception of Porphyra ~mbilicalis, all species showed a decrease in F v : F m on exposure to UV radiation, followed by recovery towards the initial values during the next 24-48 h in white light. The rate of the initial decrease was greater, and the extent of recovery was less, in deep subtidal species (e.g. Delesseri~ s~guinea, Placamium carfflagineum) than in intertidal or shallow subtidal species, although there was no direct correlation between these indicators of sensitivity to UV radiation and the depth range of a species, and only slight differences were detected between populations of a single species collected from different depths. There was also little evidence of a seasonal change in sensitivity to UV radiation in Delesseria or Plocamium. The decrease in variable fluorescence in Delesseria and Plocamium was proportional to the logarithm of the exposure to UV radiation, and reciprocity between irradiance and the length of irradiation appeared to hold for up to ~6h. The exposure to UVA that reduced F~ : F m by 50% ('50% exposure') immediately after the treatment was about I0 kJ m -2 for both Delesseria and Plocamium, but Plocamium appeared to recover more rapidly than Delesseria because the 50% exposure after 24 h recovery was about 37 kJ m -2 for Delesseria compared with 70-120 kJ m -z for different populations of Plocamium. The removal of UVB from the UV radiation treatments had no detectable effect o~ the inhibition of F v : F~ in either Ddesseria or a deep-water population of Plocamium, but reduced the inhibition by 30-50% in a shallow-water population of Plocamium. When only half an intact blade of De]esseria was exposed to UV radiation, variable fluorescence was reduced in the irradiated half but was completely unaffected in the unirradiated half, and steep gradients of Fv : F m values were measured which persisted for over 48 h after the irradiation treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of intertidal and subtidal red algae to UVA and UVB radiation, as monitored by Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements: Influence of collection depth and season, and length of irradiation

Dring

Wagner

Boeskov

et al. 1996

European Journal of Phycology

129

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“…In this work, we define B(λ) as the probability of a photon of energy hc λ to dissociate free DNA. The first approximation of the action spectrum was obtained by Setlow andDoyle (1954, see also Setlow 1974). Cockell (1998) gave an estimation of the BAS based on studies by Green and Miller (1975) and Lindberg and Horneck (1991).…”

Section: Biological Boundaries For Uv Habitable Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet radiation constraints around the circumstellar habitable zones

Buccino

Lemarchand

Mauas

2006

Icarus

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Ultraviolet radiation is known to inhibit photosynthesis, induce DNA destruction and cause damage to a wide variety of proteins and lipids. In particular, UV radiation between 200-300 nm becomes energetically very damaging to most of the terrestrial biological systems. On the other hand, UV radiation is usually considered one of the most important energy source on the primitive Earth for the synthesis of many biochemical compounds and, therefore, essential for several biogenesis processes. In this work, we use these properties of the UV radiation to define the boundaries of an ultraviolet habitable zone. We also analyze the evolution of the UV habitable zone during the main sequence stage of the star.We apply these criteria to study the UV habitable zone for those extrasolar planetary systems that were observed by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE). We analyze the possibility that extrasolar planets and moons could be suitable for life, according to the UV constrains presented in this work and other accepted criteria of habitability (liquid water, orbital stability, etc.).

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“…To each well, 100· l of 0.001% TDM-2 primary monoclonal antibody (produced in mice, Medical and Biological Laboratories, Nagoya, Japan) was added, and incubated for 30·min, after which time wells were washed five times with 100· l PBS-T. 100· l of 0.002% biotin-F(abЈ) 2 (Setlow, 1974).…”

Section: Dna Extractions and Cpd Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA photorepair in echinoid embryos: effects of temperature on repair rate in Antarctic and non-Antarctic species

Lamare

Barker

Lesser

et al. 2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Over recent geological time the Antarctic marine system has been a relatively low ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) environment because of its polar location, high atmospheric ozone concentrations, and extensive seasonal covering by relatively opaque, and highly reflective, sea ice. Recent increases in ultraviolet-B radiation (280-315·nm) due to stratospheric ozone depletion have highlighted the susceptibility of marine ecosystems to this important abiotic factor (Smith et al., 1992;Karentz, 1994;Smith and Cullen, 1995). The occurrence of the spring ozone hole coincides with the development of embryos of many Antarctic marine invertebrates that may be susceptible to the effects of UV-R because of their small size, lack of a protective tegument, and high rate of cell division (Johnsen and Widder, 2001). Antarctic embryos may be especially vulnerable because they have unique physiological adaptations to survive the cold, food-poor Antarctic waters (cf. Marsh et al., 2001).Our recent observations confirm that Antarctic marine larvae are very sensitive to UV-R (Lesser et al., 2004). Echinoid embryos exposed to ambient UV-R under annual Antarctic sea ice (a low UV-R environment with irradiances р1% of surface irradiances), exhibited significantly higher rates of mortality, abnormal development (Ϸ30-50%), and DNA damage than embryos exposed concurrently but under a UV-R filter. Biological weighting functions for DNA damage and survival To determine if an Antarctic species repairs DNA at rates equivalent to warmer water equivalents, we examined repair of UV-damaged DNA in echinoid embryos and larvae. DNA repair by photoreactivation was compared in three species Sterechinus neumayeri (Antarctica), Evechinus chloroticus (New Zealand) and Diadema setosum (Tropical Australia) spanning a latitudinal gradient from polar (77.86°S) to tropical (19.25°S) environments. We compared rates of photoreactivation as a function of ambient and experimental temperature in all three species, and rates of photoreactivation as a function of embryonic developmental stage in Sterechinus. DNA damage was quantified from cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) concentrations and rates of abnormal embryonic development. This study established that in the three species and in three developmental stages of Sterechinus, photoreactivation was the primary means of removing CPDs, was effective in repairing all CPDs in less than 24·h, and promoted significantly higher rates of normal development in UV-exposed embryos. CPD photorepair rate constant (k) in echinoid embryos ranged from 0.33 to 1.25·h -1 , equating to a time to 50% repair of between 0.6 and 2.1·h and time to 90%repair between 3.6 and 13.6·h. We observed that experimental temperature influenced photoreactivation rate. In Diadema plutei, the photoreactivation rate constant increased from k=0.58·h -1 to 1.25·h -1 , with a Q 10 =2.15 between 22°C and 32°C. When compared among the three species across experimental temperatures (-1.9 to 32°C), photoreactivation rates vary with a Q 10 =1.39. Photoreactivati...

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The Wavelengths in Sunlight Effective in Producing Skin Cancer: A Theoretical Analysis

Cited by 1,063 publications

References 19 publications

Sensitivity of intertidal and subtidal red algae to UVA and UVB radiation, as monitored by Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements: Influence of collection depth and season, and length of irradiation

Sensitivity of intertidal and subtidal red algae to UVA and UVB radiation, as monitored by Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements: Influence of collection depth and season, and length of irradiation

Ultraviolet radiation constraints around the circumstellar habitable zones

DNA photorepair in echinoid embryos: effects of temperature on repair rate in Antarctic and non-Antarctic species

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