The waterlogging of floating objects

Vella, Dominic; Huppert, Herbert E.

doi:10.1017/s002211200700715x

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Simple flotation experiments can re-create conditions of pumice waterlogging, allowing inferences to be made about the transport and sedimentation behaviors associated with submarine pumice-rich deposits. Few results of flotation experiments have been published, although the unusual inter action of pumice with water has caught the attention of scientists for centuries (e.g., van Leuwen hock, 1704; Whitham and Sparks, 1986;Campbell et al, 1987;Manville et al, 1998Manville et al, , 2002White et al, 2001;Risso et al, 2002;Vella and Huppert, 2007;Allen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Behavior Of Pumice In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine deposits from pumiceous pyroclastic density currents traveling over water: An outstanding example from offshore Montserrat (IODP 340)

Jutzeler

Manga

White

et al. 2016

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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Pyroclastic density currents have been observed to both enter the sea, and to travel over water for tens of kilometers. Here, we identified a 1.2-m-thick, stratified pumice lapilli-ash cored at Site U1396 offshore Montserrat (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program [IODP] Expedition 340) as being the first deposit to provide evidence that it was formed by submarine deposition from pumice-rich pyroclastic density currents that traveled above the water surface. The age of the submarine deposit is ca. 4 Ma, and its magma source is similar to those for much younger Soufrière Hills deposits, indicating that the island experienced large-magnitude, subaerial caldera-forming explosive eruptions much earlier than recorded in land deposits. The deposit's combined sedimentological characteristics are incompatible with deposition from a submarine eruption, pyroclastic fall over water, or a submarine seafloor-hugging turbidity current derived from a subaerial pyro clastic density current that entered water at the shoreline. The stratified pumice lapilli-ash unit can be subdivided into at least three depositional units, with the lowermost one being clast supported. The unit contains grains in five separate size modes and has a >12 phi range. Particles are chiefly subrounded pumice clasts, lithic clasts, crystal fragments, and glass shards. Pumice clasts are very poorly segregated from other particle types, and lithic clasts occur throughout the deposit; fine particles are weakly density graded. We interpret the unit to record multiple closely spaced (<2 d) hot pyroclastic density currents that flowed over the ocean, releasing pyroclasts onto the water surface, and settling of the various pyroclasts into the water column. Our settling and hot and cold flotation experiments show that waterlogging of pumice clasts at the water surface would have been immediate. The overall poor hydraulic sorting of the deposit resulted from mixing of particles from multiple pulses of vertical settling in the water column, attesting to complex sedimentation. Slow-settling particles were deposited on the seafloor together with faster-descending particles that were delivered at the water surface by subsequent pyroclastic flows. The final sediment pulses were eventually deflected upon their arrival on the seafloor and were deposited in laterally continuous facies. This study emphasizes the interaction between products of explosive volcanism and the ocean and discusses sedimentological complexities and hydrodynamics associated with particle delivery to water.

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Section: Behavior Of Pumice In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine deposits from pumiceous pyroclastic density currents traveling over water: An outstanding example from offshore Montserrat (IODP 340)

Jutzeler

Manga

White

et al. 2016

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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“…Sparse rounded low-density pumice within B7-d can be explained by its transport and deposition above the water surface and in subaqueous environment (Whitham and Sparks, 1986;Manville et al, 1998;White et al, 2001;Risso et al, 2002;Vella and Huppert, 2007;Fauria et al, 2017). Reworking is another possible interpretation to B7-d.…”

Section: B7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic and sedimentologic framework for tephras in the Wilson Creek Formation, Mono Basin, California, USA

Yang

Bursik

Pouget

2019

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Numerous tephra layers occur within the late Pleistocene Wilson Creek Formation, where they are interbedded with lacustrine deposits of Lake Russell, the ancestor of present-day Mono Lake. Most of the tephra layers are rhyolitic in composition, and were produced from the Mono Craters. We present detailed stratigraphy and sedimentology of the tephra layers, sampled at twelve outcrops near the shoreline of Mono Lake and the Mono Craters, and implement grain size, componentry, and surface morphology analysis to characterize their physical properties. Sub-unit correlation is proposed for certain tephra units. Noticeable features of the tephras, such as the occurrence of low-density rounded or highly vesicular pumice within certain sub-units, are highlighted. The abundant obsidian, lithics, and ostracods within many sub-units suggests that the associated eruption pulses involved water-magma interaction. Eruptions from the Mono Craters during the late Pleistocene were consistent neither in frequency nor volume. The Mono Craters were most active during the eruption of Sequences C and A, and Pleistocene volcanic activity reached its peak during the eruption of C11. Detailed interpretation of tephra layer B7 and tephras in Sequence A is given, which includes the number of eruption pulses, vent location, dispersal direction, occurrence of pyroclastic flow and surge, and other features and processes. Tephras in Sequence B may have had their vents located in the southern half of the Mono Craters, or are smaller in volume (except for B7), compared to the other tephras in the WilsonCreek Formation. Vents for A4, A3, and A1 are located near the northern end of the Mono Craters. The stratigraphy of B7 and A1 suggests an unstable depositional environment, which can be used to help constrain the water-level history of Lake Russell during the late Pleistocene.

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“…As mentioned above, pumice clasts used in this study were selected from sediment core S9, all samples are fresh with sharp edges and corners (Figure 2b). Previous studies have suggested that all the vesicles in pumice are connected [67] and their density are lower than seawater [19]. Nevertheless, most pumice clasts sink immediately upon immersion in water after explosive volcanism [68], which means pumice is unlikely to float far and the buoyancy of freshly erupted submarine pumice is transient, especially when the pumice is hot and has erupted from the deep seafloor (e.g., depths >~200 m, temperatures > 300 • C) [68,69].…”

Section: Constraints On Eruption Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Pumice in Sediments from the Middle Okinawa Trough: Constraints from Whole-Rock Geochemical Compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopes

Fang

Zeng

et al. 2019

JMSE

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Frequent volcanic activity has occurred in the Okinawa Trough (OT) during the late Quaternary, which attracted much attention to the origin of volcanic rocks. Pumice collected from the seafloor has been extensively investigated, whereas few studies paid attention to the pumice in the sediment. The geochemical compositions of pumice preserved in sediments generally provide insight into past volcanic activity and regional magmatism. Here, we present major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data, together with the established age framework for pumice samples recovered from sediment core S9 in the middle OT (MOT) to investigate their possible formation. Compositionally, the S9 pumice samples are dacite and are characterized by relatively higher Sr (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70480–0.70502) and Pb (206Pb/204Pb = 18.321-18.436, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.622–15.624, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.52–38.63) and lower Nd (143Nd/144Nd = 0.51272–0.51274) isotope compositions than basalts from the MOT. The geochemical compositions of pumice clasts from different layers of core S9 display no temporal variation trends and vary within narrow ranges. On the basis of the geochemical characteristics of S9 pumice samples, we infer that the parent magma of these samples might generate from hybrid magma through an extensive fractional crystallization process. The Indian Ocean MORB-type mantle was first metasomatized by the subducted Philippine Sea sediments to form the primitive magma; then, followed by assimilation of a small amount of lower crustal component occurred in the lower crust. The long-term magmatism and relatively consistent isotopic compositions indicate that a magma chamber might have existed in the lower crust of the MOT between 11.22 and 12.96 cal. ka BP.

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The waterlogging of floating objects

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Submarine deposits from pumiceous pyroclastic density currents traveling over water: An outstanding example from offshore Montserrat (IODP 340)

Submarine deposits from pumiceous pyroclastic density currents traveling over water: An outstanding example from offshore Montserrat (IODP 340)

Stratigraphic and sedimentologic framework for tephras in the Wilson Creek Formation, Mono Basin, California, USA

Origin of Pumice in Sediments from the Middle Okinawa Trough: Constraints from Whole-Rock Geochemical Compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopes

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