The Water Needs of Grapevines in the Different Regions of Poland

Abstract

The aim of this study was to estimate the water needs of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in the different regions of Poland. The requirements of grapevines water, considered as the crop evapotranspiration, were determined using the plant coefficient method. The grapevine plants crop evapotranspiration was measured using the reference evapotranspiration and plant coefficients. The plant coefficients were adapted to the reference evapotranspiration that was calculated using the Blaney-Criddle's formula, modified for Polish conditions by Żakowicz. The water needs of grapevines were determined for five agro-climatic regions of Poland with the representative meteorological stations. The calculations of grapevines water requirements were carried out for the thirty-year period determined from 1981 to 2010. The study was based on the six-month growing season established from May 1 to October 31. Four months, including May, June, July and August, were considered as the irrigation period. The highest grapevines water requirements (440 mm) during the growing season, were observed in the northwest and central-east region of Poland. In turn, the lowest water requirements were revealed in the southeast (414 mm) and northeast (415 mm) region of the country. During the irrigation period, the highest grapevines water needs occurred in the central-northwest (355 mm) and central-east (353 mm) region of Poland, while the lowest (329 mm)-in the southeast region of the country. The upward time trend of the grapevines water requirements was observed both in the growing season and in the irrigation period. With the exception of the central-northwest region, this time trend was significant throughout Poland. The highest increase in the water needs of grapevines during the growing season (by 6.9 mm in each subsequent ten-year period) occurred in the central-east and southeast region of Poland. In the irrigation period, the highest rise of grapevines water requirements was noted in the southwest (7.4 mm decade-1) and southeast (7.6 mm decade-1) region of the country. The highest rainfall deficit was observed in the central-northwest region of Poland; 125 mm during the growing season, and 117 mm in the irrigation period.

Response of Chosen American Asparagus officinalis L. Cultivars to Drip Irrigation on the Sandy Soil in Central Europe: Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity

“…In turn, Pardo et al [27] recorded the seasonal water consumption of asparagus under lysimeter conditions ranging from 274 mm to 294 mm. In the latest research on asparagus water needs in various regions of Poland reported by Rolbiecki et al [28], the irrigation needs of asparagus plants were found to be, on average, 228 mm in the period from July 1 to August 31 in the central-north-west region of Poland, which also covers the area considered in the present study. The total water needs of asparagus in the postharvest period were higher in the first year of the study (258 mm) than in the second year of the study (241 mm) (Figure 3).…”

Assessment of Water Needs of Grapevines in Western Poland from the Perspective of Climate Change

“…Therefore, in Poland, to obtain favorable quality parameters of grapevine fruits, it is recommended to finish the irrigation of vineyards 25-30 days before harvest [28]. In the studied provinces of western Poland, the sums of rainfall in September were relatively low compared to the eastern provinces studied by Rolbiecki et al [21]. In current research, the sum of precipitation in September in the provinces of western Poland ranged from 43 to 45 mm.…”

“…An assessment of the water needs of vineyards located in the western provinces of Poland, based on a period of thirty years (1981-2010), showed a clear tendency to increase the water needs of the grapevines, both in the growing season (May-October) and during the period of increased water needs of plants (June-August) and in July, when the water needs of plants are usually the highest. Research published by Rolbiecki et al [21] showed that in 1981-2010 the water needs of grapevines increased also in other regions of Poland, especially in south-eastern Poland, by as much as 7.6 mm per decade. The increase in water needs of the grapevines in the provinces of western Poland is probably caused by a significant increase in air temperature, which is the result of global warming, observed particularly in the last two decades of the 20th century [22].…”

“…In current research, the sum of precipitation in September in the provinces of western Poland ranged from 43 to 45 mm. In the same 30-year period (1981-2010), the sum of precipitation in the eastern provinces of Poland ranged from 51 to 63 mm [21].…”

Effect of Subsurface Drip Fertigation with Nitrogen on the Yield of Asparagus Grown for the Green Spears on a Light Soil in Central Poland

“…In the research published by Rolbiecki, et al [23] the water needs of asparagus are the highest in the last two months of the irrigation season, i.e., July and August (from 3.2 mm to 4.4 mm, daily). In the research on asparagus water needs in various regions of Poland, reported by Rolbiecki et al [24], it was calculated that the irrigation requirements of asparagus plants are on average 228 mm in the period from 1 July to 31 August in the centralnorthwest region of Poland, which also covers the area considered in the present study. In the previous study [10], water requirements of asparagus under drip irrigation ranged from 205 mm to 272 mm in the individual years.…”