The water gas shift reaction: Catalysts and reaction mechanism

Baraj, Erlisa; Ciahotný, Karel; Hlinčík, Tomáš

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119817

Cited by 154 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…4% on electrolysis of water [12]. Steam reforming (SR) occurs through the following general reactions (R1) and (R2), exemplified for a general hydrocarbon [13]: which are connected through the water gas shift (WGS) reaction (R3) [14].…”

Section: Current Processes For H 2 Production and Purification Suitable For Use In Fcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Production of Renewable Hydrogen for Use in Fuel Cells: A Review Study

Rossetti

Tripodi

2022

Top Catal

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Hydrogen production from renewable sources is gaining increasing importance for application as fuel, in particular with high efficiency and low impact devices such as fuel cells. In addition, the possibility to produce more sustainable hydrogen for industrial application is also of interest for fundamental industrial processes, such as ammonia and methanol synthesis. Catalytic processes are used in most options for the production of hydrogen from renewable sources. Catalysts are directly involved in the main transformation, as in the case of reforming and of electro-/photo-catalytic water splitting, or in the upgrade and refining of the main reaction products, as in the case of tar reforming. In every case, for the main processes that reached a sufficiently mature development stage, attempts of process design, economic and environmental impact assessment are presented, on one hand to finalise the demonstration of the technology, on the other hand to highlight the challenges and bottlenecks. Selected examples are described, highlighting whenever possible the role of catalysis and the open issues, e.g. for the H2 production from reforming, aqueous phase reforming, biomass pyrolysis and gasification, photo- and electro-catalytic processes, enzymatic catalysis. The case history of hydrogen production from bioethanol for use in fuel cells is detailed from the point of view of process design and techno-economic validation. Examples of steady state or dynamic simulation of a centralised or distributed H2 production unit are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this technology, that appears as one of the nearest to market. The economic feasibility seems demonstrated when producing hydrogen starting from diluted bioethanol.

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Section: Current Processes For H 2 Production and Purification Suitable For Use In Fcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very well assessed processes exist for CO conversion and CO 2 separation [14,22]. The WGS reaction (R3) is conventionally operated in two stages, the former at high temperature (HT, i.e.…”

Section: Current Processes For H 2 Production and Purification Suitable For Use In Fcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Production of Renewable Hydrogen for Use in Fuel Cells: A Review Study

Rossetti

Tripodi

2022

Top Catal

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“…The two most commonly accepted pathways of WGSR are redox and associative mechanisms. 86 The association mechanism involves formate (HCOO) or carboxyl (COOH) as the reaction intermediate on the catalyst surface. On the other hand, the redox mechanism ( i.e.…”

Section: Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The redox mechanism can be explained based on the low-temperature WGSR on the surface of copper single crystals where eight steps are involved. 86 The H 2 O molecules adsorbed on the surface dissociate into H and OH groups; the OH groups further decompose into O and H atoms, then the two H atoms recombine into one H 2 molecule; simultaneously, the adsorbed CO combined with the produced O atom to form a CO 2 molecule. The H 2 and CO 2 molecules were desorbed from the catalyst surface in the end.…”

Section: Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification strategies of heterogeneous catalysts for water–gas shift reactions

et al. 2022

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“…[25] WGS is used to increase the hydrogen content and to convert CO into CO 2 , whereas in the final purification step, H 2 and CO 2 are separated by different methods. [26] The following reactions occur when CH 4 is used as feedstock [27,28]…”

Section: Steam Methane Reformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Environmental Benefits Depend on the Way of Production: An Overview of the Main Processes Production and Challenges by 2050

Germscheidt

Moreira

Yoshimura

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Hydrogen (H 2 ) is presented as an important alternative for clean energy and raw material in the modern world. However, the environmental benefits are linked to its process of production. Herein, the chemical aspects, advantages/disadvantages, and challenges of the main processes of H 2 production from petroleum to water are described. The fossil fuel (FF)-based methods and the state-of-art strategies are outlined to produce hydrogen from water (electrolysis), wastewater, and seawater. In addition, a discussion based on a color code to classify the cleanliness of hydrogen production is introduced. By the end, a summary of the hydrogen value chain addresses topics related to the financial aspects and perspective for 2050: green hydrogen and zero-emission carbon.

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The water gas shift reaction: Catalysts and reaction mechanism

Cited by 154 publications

References 134 publications

Catalytic Production of Renewable Hydrogen for Use in Fuel Cells: A Review Study

Catalytic Production of Renewable Hydrogen for Use in Fuel Cells: A Review Study

Modification strategies of heterogeneous catalysts for water–gas shift reactions

Hydrogen Environmental Benefits Depend on the Way of Production: An Overview of the Main Processes Production and Challenges by 2050

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