The water flow into the English Channel from the south-west

Cooper, L. H. N.

doi:10.1017/s0025315400013242

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…) front, this would be approximately equivalent to movement of water with passive larvae of about 10 km in one direction in 1 day. Similar jetstreams may occur across the mouth of the English Channel (Cooper, 1960) and were described as long ago as the end of the 18th century (Rennell, 1832). Pingree and LeCann (1990) measured residual currents of up to 60 cm s -1 in the southwestern approaches to Britain.…”

Section: Hydrographical Conditions: Direction Of Currentssupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of changing temperature on benthic marine life in Britain and Ireland

Hiscock

Southward

Tittley

et al. 2004

Aquatic Conservation

214

139

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ABSTRACT1. The coastal waters surrounding Britain and Ireland became warmer during the 20th century and, according to the UK Climate Impact Programme 2002 scenarios of change and other sources, average annual seawater temperatures may rise a further 28C or more by the 2050s. This warming is part of a global rise in sea-and air-surface temperatures that will cause changes in the distribution and abundance of species.2. Initially, there will not be a wholesale movement northwards of southern species or retreat northwards of northern species, because many additional factors will influence the responses of the different organisms. Such factors include the hydrodynamic characteristics of water masses, the presence of hydrographical and geographical barriers to spread and the life history characteristics (reproductive mode, dispersal capability and longevity) of species. Survey data over the past century show how organisms react to changes of the order of 0.58C, and in the last two decades, when sea temperatures have risen by as much as 18C, there have been significant local changes in the distribution of intertidal organisms. These past changes provide a clue to more extensive changes expected in the future if global warming develops as predicted.3. Where species affected by climate change are dominant or key structural or functional species in biotopes, there may be a change in the extent and distribution of those biotopes. Some, dominated by predominantly northern species such as the horse mussel Modiolus modiolus, may decline and reduce their value as rich habitats for marine life. Others, characterized by southern species, for example the sea fan Eunicella verrucosa and the alcyonacean Alcyonium glomeratum, may increase in extent.4. Using information on the life history characteristics of species, their present distribution and other factors, a key supported by a decision tree has been constructed to identify 'types' of organism according to their likely response to temperature rise. Conspicuous and easily identified rocky substratum species are good candidates to track change. Using the key, many species are shown as likely to increase their range northwards significantly. In contrast, fewer will decline in abundance and extent in the north. If, as anticipated, global warming continues, then species with distributions already accurately mapped, or being mapped at present, will provide baseline data to test forecasts.

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Section: Hydrographical Conditions: Direction Of Currentssupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of changing temperature on benthic marine life in Britain and Ireland

Hiscock

Southward

Tittley

et al. 2004

Aquatic Conservation

214

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The fate of the LSSW is less certain. Cooper (1960) suggested that the influence of these waters extended into the eastern English Channel, as well as to the western coast of southern England. Contrastingly, Taylor et al, (1981) concluded from a modelling study that variations in salinity at the entrance to the western English Channel have little effect on salinity fluctuations in the eastern English Channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low salinity intrusions in the western English Channel

Kelly-Gerreyn

Hydes

Jégou

et al. 2006

Continental Shelf Research

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Low salinity (<35) surface waters (LSSW) at the southern entrance to the western English Channel (48.5°N, 5.1°W, near Ushant) were observed in late winter (March-April) in three successive years (2002-04) during near continuous ship of opportunity operations. The source of the LSSW is the northward spreading plumes from the Loire (47.5°N, 2.5°W) and Gironde (45.6°N, 1.2°W) along the French Atlantic coast. Fastest plume travel times were associated with northeasterly winds, consistent with Ekman theory. Differences between years in the mean winter (January-March) combined river discharges (D) was consistent with the minimum salinities (

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“…Or, as was hypothesized in the case of the ommastrephid seven star flying squid (Martialia hyadesii) at New Island, Falkland Islands (Nolan et al 1998), mass stranding could be due to temporal shifts in frontal zones between currents. Another possibility is that they were born in winter in more southern waters and entered the North Sea with the fair current going there from the northern Bay of Biscay through the English Channel (Cooper 1960, Paramor et al 2009. However, all these theories are purely speculative and need further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ommastrephid squid spawning in the North Sea: oceanography, climate change and species range expansion

Barrett

MacLeod

Oesterwind³

et al. 2021

scimar

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The lesser flying squid (Todaropsis eblanae) and the shortfin squid (Illex coindetii) are two abundant ommastrephids of the northeast Atlantic. Spawning ground existence was inferred from the captures of mature, mated females in summer 2016–2019 and their occurrences were compared with respective oceanographic data from international surveys to gain insight into environmental predictors of their presence throughout the North Sea. Spawning T. eblanae were found in relatively cooler and more saline waters (6–8°C, 34.2–35.1 psu) in the northern North Sea linked to the Fair Isle Current and East Shetland Atlantic Inflow, whilst spawning I. coindetii occurred across the entire North Sea (mostly at 9–10.5°C, 34.1–34.8 psu). We hypothesize that a combination of water salinity and water temperature are key factors in the spatiotemporal distribution of spawning ommastrephid squids as they define water density that is crucial for pelagic egg mass to attain neutral buoyancy.

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The water flow into the English Channel from the south-west

Abstract: The physical oceanography of the shallow seas south-west of the British Isles ismuch influenced by the exchanges of waters around headlands between neighbouring areas of the sea. These are

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of changing temperature on benthic marine life in Britain and Ireland

Effects of changing temperature on benthic marine life in Britain and Ireland

Low salinity intrusions in the western English Channel

Ommastrephid squid spawning in the North Sea: oceanography, climate change and species range expansion

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