The water balance of the plant.

Ehlers, W.; Goss, M.

doi:10.1079/9780851996943.0064

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The soil sample pore size distributions were calculated from soil water desorption data (Klute, 1986; Lal & Shukla, 2004). This method is based on capillary theory, which assumes the pore system can be approximated by “equivalent” cylindrical capillary tubes (Ehlers & Goss, 2016; Or & Tuller, 2005). The capillary pressure is related to equivalent pore size according to capillary rise theory as represented by the Young–Laplace equation (Jensen et al., 2015; Or et al., 2012; Pituello et al., 2016):

h = \frac{2 σ \cos γ}{r g ρ} = \frac{2 σ \cos γ}{\frac{d}{2} g ρ}

d_{normale} = \frac{4 σ \cos γ}{h g ρ} \approx \frac{2, 980}{h}; h > 0 (cm); d_{normale} (μ m)

where d e is the equivalent pore diameter (μm), h is capillary rise or pressure head (cm), σ is the surface tension (72.89 g s −2 ), γ is the contact angle between liquid and solid phase (assumed to be zero), r is equivalent pore radius, g is the gravitational constant (980 cm s −2 ), and ρ is water density (0.998 g cm −3 ) (Or & Tuller, 2005; Or et al., 2012; Warrick, 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Biochar and compost amendment impacts on soil water and pore size distribution of a loamy sand soil

Ibrahim

Horton

2021

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Soil structure, which refers to aggregates and pore characteristics, reflects the spatial arrangement of soil particles and is a key component for crop yield and soil health.Well-formed soil structure has favorable pore size distribution, which supports soil water flow and retention and healthy plant growth. Compost and biochar, important organic amendments, have a potential to influence soil structure, but their effects on specific soil types and soil properties have not been fully investigated. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the additions of compost and/or date palm biochar on selected soil water indicators and pore size distribution of a loamy sand soil using disturbed soil samples. Statistical parameters of pore size distribution properties such as SD, kurtosis, skewness, modal diameter (d mode ), median diameter (d median ), and mean diameter (d mean ) as well as plant available water capacity (PAWC), available soil water capacity (ASWC), saturated soil water content, and measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sat ) were measured and evaluated. The results showed that the d mode , d median , d mean , SD, skewness, and kurtosis values for untreated soil (control) were 31.6 μm, 25.8 μm, 23.5 μm, 3.3, −0.16, and 1.14, respectively. Biochar, compost, and a mixture of biochar-compost additions to a loamy sand soil significantly reduced d mode , d median , and d mean values in comparison with nonamended soil. Application of these amendments increased PAWC and ASWC and reduced K sat of the loamy sand soil, significantly. Biochar-compost mixture has the most significant effect on improving soil water retention and PAWC.

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h = \frac{2 σ \cos γ}{r g ρ} = \frac{2 σ \cos γ}{\frac{d}{2} g ρ}

d_{normale} = \frac{4 σ \cos γ}{h g ρ} \approx \frac{2, 980}{h}; h > 0 (cm); d_{normale} (μ m)

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Biochar and compost amendment impacts on soil water and pore size distribution of a loamy sand soil

Ibrahim

Horton

2021

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…Referring to the principle of effective rooting depth as introduced by Renger and Strebel (1980), which designates the depth delineating the extent of the soil profile responsible for supplying water to the root within the physical limits of availability, we considered modeling the top 90 cm of the soil profile. We estimated the depth based on the soil texture in our experiments using data from Ehlers and Goss (2016). Taking into account the soil moisture sensor locations (15, 40, and 70 cm depth), we divided the profile into three horizons with 25‐, 25‐, and 40‐cm thicknesses to allow simulating the observed soil moisture as close as possible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling N fertilization impact on water cycle and water use efficiency of maize, finger‐millet, and lablab crops in South India

Almawazreh,

Uteau,

Subbarayappa

et al. 2024

Vadose Zone Journal

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The understanding of the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the field water cycle and corresponding water use efficiency (WUE) is very important for optimizing fertilization rates and conserving stressed water resources. We modeled soil moisture dynamics of maize (Zea mays L.), finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.), and lablab [Lablab purpureus (L..) Sweet] plots using calibrated HYDRUS‐1D model on two experimental sites (rain‐fed and irrigated) for three seasons under different N treatments. The results indicate that the effects of N depended on plant specific properties such as N‐fixation and drought tolerance, and on plant available water content governed by soil structure and rainfall seasonal variability. Maize WUE of plots which received 150 kg/ha of urea (46 N) were 10–30 kg/ha/mm higher than plots which received none; likewise, millet that received 50 kg/ha of urea had a 7–10 kg/ha/mm higher WUE than control plots in both experiments. However, differences in water cycle components were noticeable between N treatments only in the rain‐fed experiment, where higher N levels led to around 60 and 30 mm higher transpiration, 30 and 20 mm lower evaporation, and 30 and 15 mm lower percolation per season for maize and millet, respectively. In 2018, which was the driest year, the difference in maize WUE between the high and low N treatments was only 1 kg/ha/mm, which corresponded with low actual to potential transpiration ratios (). This indicates higher sensitivity of maize to water stress compared to the other crops. The results of lablab indicate a positive impact of N fertilization on WUE only under water‐limited conditions.

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“…To enhance water productivity, there are two main approaches: increasing transpiration efficiency or increasing the harvest index. For a specific species in a particular climate, B/Tr tends to remain relatively constant [21]. For rice, the value of B/Tr is ~1.5 g kg −1 [15].…”

Section: Water Use Efficiency In Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Regimes in Rice Plants Can Contribute to Achieving Sustainable Rice Productivity

2023

Agronomy

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The water balance of the plant.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

RETRACTED: Biochar and compost amendment impacts on soil water and pore size distribution of a loamy sand soil

RETRACTED: Biochar and compost amendment impacts on soil water and pore size distribution of a loamy sand soil

Modeling N fertilization impact on water cycle and water use efficiency of maize, finger‐millet, and lablab crops in South India

Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Regimes in Rice Plants Can Contribute to Achieving Sustainable Rice Productivity

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