The war against bacteria, from the past to present and beyond

Bottalico, Lucrezia; Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros; Potenza, Maria Assunta; Montagnani, Monica; Santacroce, Luigì

doi:10.1080/14787210.2022.2013809

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…Secondary bacterial infections have been observed in long COVID disease and this may involve MDR bacterial strains. The attainment of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a serious healthcare problem [381] and one that has been acknowledged by the WHO with their publication of the dirty dozen list of MDR pathogenic bacteria [http://www.wh o.int/news-room/detail/27-02-2017-who-publishes-list-o f-bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-areurgentlyneeded (accessed 12 January 2018)]. MDR bacterial infections have been compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of the MDR strains of Clostridium difficile and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in long COVID bacterial infections [382][383][384][385][386].…”

Section: Bacterial Infections Associated With Long Covid Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and Semi-Synthetic Flavonoid Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents for the Treatment of Long COVID-19 Disease and Neurodegenerative Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Melrose¹,

Smith²

2022

Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed)

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The aim of this review is to highlight the beneficial attributes of flavonoids, a diverse family of widely-distributed polyphenolic phytochemicals that have beneficial cell and tissue protective properties. Phytochemicals are widely distributed in plants, herbs and shrubs used in traditional complimentary medical formulations for centuries. The bioactive components that convey beneficial medicinal effects in these complex herbal preparations are now being identified using network pharmacology and molecular docking procedures that identify their molecular targets. Flavonoids have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and anti-cancer properties that have inspired the development of potent multifunctional derivatised flavonoids of improved efficacy. The antiviral properties of flavonoids and the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in a resurgence of interest in phytochemicals in the search for efficacious compounds that can prevent viral infection or replication, with many promising plant compounds identified. Promising semi-synthetic flavonoid derivatives have also been developed that inhibit multiple pathological neurodegenerative processes; these offer considerable promise in the treatment of diseases of cognitive decline. Clinical trials are currently being undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of dietary supplements rich in flavonoids for the treatment of virally-mediated diseases. Such trials are expected to identify flavonoids with cell and tissue protective properties that can be harnessed in biomedical applications that may serve as supportive adjunctive procedures to conventional anti-viral drug therapies against diseases such as COVID-19.

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Section: Bacterial Infections Associated With Long Covid Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and Semi-Synthetic Flavonoid Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents for the Treatment of Long COVID-19 Disease and Neurodegenerative Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Melrose¹,

Smith²

2022

Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed)

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“…Persistence is a major feature of Mtb cells as a few persistent cells can evade antibiotics even at concentrations higher than minimum inhibitory concentrations [ 75 ]. Furthermore, persistent Mtb cells can sustain the Mtb population, maintaining disease status as active.…”

Section: Mtb -Mediated Resistance Against Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Potential Use of Natural and Biological Products as Alternative Anti-Mycobacterial Agents

et al. 2022

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TB treatment is based on the administration of three major antibiotics: isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. However, multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mtb strains are increasing around the world, thus, allowing TB to spread around the world. The stringent response is demonstrated by Mtb strains in order to survive under hostile circumstances, even including exposure to antibiotics. The stringent response is mediated by alarmones, which regulate bacterial replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, the Mtb cell wall contributes to the mechanism of antibiotic resistance along with efflux pump activation and biofilm formation. Immunity over the course of TB is managed by M1-macrophages and M2-macrophages, which regulate the immune response against Mtb infection, with the former exerting inflammatory reactions and the latter promoting an anti-inflammatory profile. T helper 1 cells via secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma, play a protective role in the course of TB, while T regulatory cells secreting interleukin 10, are anti-inflammatory. Alternative therapeutic options against TB require further discussion. In view of the increasing number of MDR Mtb strains, attempts to replace antibiotics with natural and biological products have been object of intensive investigation. Therefore, in this review the anti-Mtb effects exerted by probiotics, polyphenols, antimicrobial peptides and IFN-gamma will be discussed. All the above cited compounds are endowed either with direct antibacterial activity or with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating characteristics.

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“…Instead, bacteria such as Nesseira subflava and Corynebacterium are reduced in individuals who smoke. Antibiotics such as azithromycin, amoxicillin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin are antibiotics with the greatest impact on the microbiota leading to a decrease in Actinomycetota phylum [ 102 , 103 , 104 ].…”

Section: Oral Environment Bio-mechanisms Reactions and Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals Biotribology and Oral Microbiota Biocorrosion Mechanisms

Contuzzi

Casalino

Boccaccio

et al. 2022

JFB

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During the last decades, metal-based biomaterials have been extensively explored to be used as biocompatible metals for biomedical applications, owing to their superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Consequently, for long-term implanted medical devices, to assure the biomaterials’ reliability, functionality, and biocompatibility, studying the various bio-tribological damage mechanisms to obtain the optimum properties is one of the most important goals. In this review, we consider the most important metal-based biomaterials such as stainless steel, alloys of titanium (Ti), cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), and Nichel-Titatium (Ni-Ti), as well Magnesium (Mg) alloys and with Tantalum (Ta), emphasizing their characteristics, clinical applications, and deterioration over time. The influence of metal elements on biological safety, including significant effects of metal-based biomaterials in dentistry were discussed, considering the perspectives of surface, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, including interactions, bio-mechanisms with tissues, and oral environments. In addition, the role of the oral microbiota was explored due to its role in this erosion condition, in order to further understand the mechanism of metal-based biomaterials implanted on the microflora balance of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in an oral environment.

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The war against bacteria, from the past to present and beyond

Cited by 28 publications

References 175 publications

Natural and Semi-Synthetic Flavonoid Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents for the Treatment of Long COVID-19 Disease and Neurodegenerative Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Natural and Semi-Synthetic Flavonoid Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents for the Treatment of Long COVID-19 Disease and Neurodegenerative Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Antibiotic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Potential Use of Natural and Biological Products as Alternative Anti-Mycobacterial Agents

Metals Biotribology and Oral Microbiota Biocorrosion Mechanisms

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