The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class.

Levine, Rhonda F.; Roediger, David

doi:10.2307/2075726

Cited by 142 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…CWS begins with the premise that race constitutes a socially-constructed and historically-fluid category of difference that has been recruited to justify the domination and subordination of people of color by those who possess White racial identities (Omi & Winant, 1994). Much of the initial work in CWS demonstrated the workings of Whiteness by displaying how European ethnic groups attained White racial identification over time in the US (Ignatiev, 1994; Roediger, 1991) and by detailing how privileges accrued to individuals positioned as White (Harris, 1993; Lipsitz, 1995). These analyses laid the groundwork for future investigations of Whiteness both as a racial identification and as a form of social power that normalized particular ways of being and constructed barriers for those outside of the White racial group (Leonardo, 2009; Mills, 1997).…”

Section: Critical Whiteness Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pushback and Possibility: Using a Threshold Concept of Race in Social Studies Teacher Education

Smith

Crowley

2015

The Journal of Social Studies Research

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The authors illuminate the process of preservice teacher learning about race through a narrativized case study of Michelle, a White elementary teacher. Michelle displayed elements of White resistance to race but also a desire to engage in teaching about race. When race is viewed as a threshold concept ( Meyer & Land, 2006 ), Michelle's struggles with race highlight important considerations for teacher education.

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Section: Critical Whiteness Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pushback and Possibility: Using a Threshold Concept of Race in Social Studies Teacher Education

Smith

Crowley

2015

The Journal of Social Studies Research

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“…The country's black and indigenous peoples were barred from this select group, as were members of the so‐called Spanish race. African Americans were treated as ‘anticitizens’ (Roediger, 1991: 57; Olson, 2004: 43), while indigenous peoples were corralled onto reservations. Federal policymakers had no apprehensions about transplanting these racial attitudes to their new overseas territories (Weston, 1972: 15).…”

Section: The Civic Creed Racialised Citizenship and Worthinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Porto Rico to Puerto Rico: Citizenship, Race and the Politics of Worthiness

Barreto

2022

Bull Latin American Res

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The English-language text of the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the accord conceding Puerto Rico to the United States, misspelled the island's name as Porto Rico. The treaty's ratification entrenched the error in US law and prompted a decades-long campaign to restore the territory's original name. More than a comedy of errors, this incident exposes conflicting interpretations of US citizenship and the worthiness of different sets of citizens. Puerto Ricans discovered that the statutory citizenship they acquired was attenuated by their perceived worthiness: a status limited by their membership of the so-called Spanish race.

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“…Racist policies permeate American history and have created stark advantages for generations of White people (Harris, 1993). Critical race theorists have detailed how whiteness, as a racial category, historically became inscribed into law (Haney‐Lopez, 1997) to act as a form of property (Harris, 1993) and give White people a social and psychological “wage” (Roediger, 1999). In fact, whiteness as a legal socio‐political identity was established with a 1790 immigration and naturalization law that limited access to U.S. citizenship, and the rights therein, only to people deemed “White” (Delgado & Stefancic, 2017; Haney Lopez, 1997).…”

Section: System Characteristics Of Racismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting the system in systemic racism: A systems thinking approach to advancing equity

Watson

Collins

2022

American J of Comm Psychol

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Generations of scholars and activists have argued that racial inequities emerge not only because of racist ideologies but also from a hierarchical system of racial oppression. This theoretical tradition has highlighted numerous ways in which systemic racism manifests itself, from racist policies to differential access to material conditions and power. However, given that by definition systemic racism is focused on systems, theories of systemic racism would be more comprehensive and actionable by drawing on scholarship related to systems thinking. Systems thinking is a conceptual orientation that aims to understand how different types of systems function over time. This paper builds on the work of previous scholars to propose a systems thinking approach to understand and strategically disrupt racist systems. We provide a typology of system characteristics (organized into the categories of paradigms, structures, elements, and feedback loops) that together can be used to help understand the operation of systemic racism in different system contexts. The paper also provides an approach to identify and strategically target multiple system leverage points to simultaneously disrupt the status quo of racial inequity and promote the emergence of conditions enabling racial equity. This systems thinking approach can be used to guide learning and action within an ongoing process of antiracist praxis.

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The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class.

Cited by 142 publications

References 0 publications

Pushback and Possibility: Using a Threshold Concept of Race in Social Studies Teacher Education

Pushback and Possibility: Using a Threshold Concept of Race in Social Studies Teacher Education

From Porto Rico to Puerto Rico: Citizenship, Race and the Politics of Worthiness

Putting the system in systemic racism: A systems thinking approach to advancing equity

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