The vulnerable developing brain

Giussani, Dino A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1019726108

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Potential biological mechanisms may include inadequate prenatal micronutrient status, [32][33][34][35] elevated stress levels, [36][37][38] and an inflammatory intrauterine environment. 6,9,10 Specifically, obesity related intrauterine inflammation may have a direct effect on the cognitive function of offspring by damaging the developing fetal brain, 9,10 or by making the developing fetus more susceptible to other intrauterine environmental insults by increasing the permeability of the fetal blood-brain barrier.…”

Section: Maternal Prepregnancy Bmi and Child Neurodevelopment Sn Hinkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age

et al. 2012

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OBJECTIVE: Both underweight and obese mothers have an increased risk for adverse offspring outcomes. Few studies have examined the association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and children's neurodevelopment. SUBJECTS: We used data from the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; n ¼ 6850). Children were classified according to their mother's prepregnancy BMI (kg m À 2 ) status: underweight (BMI o18.5), normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9), obese class I (BMI 30.0-34.9), and obese class II and III (BMI X35.0). Children's ageadjusted mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) T-scores (mean 50, s.d. 10) were obtained using a validated shortened version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II at approximately 2 years of age. While adjusting for sociodemographics, we estimated the average MDI and PDI scores or the risk of delayed (o À 1 s.d. vs 41 s.d.) mental or motor development, relative to children of normal weight mothers. RESULTS: Compared with children of normal weight mothers, MDI scores were lower among children of mothers of all other prepregnancy BMI categories, with the greatest adjusted difference among children of class II and III obese mothers ( À 2.13 (95% CI À 3.32, À 0.93)). The adjusted risk of delayed mental development was increased among children of underweight (risk ratio (RR) 1.36 (95% CI 1.04, 1.78)) and class II and III obese (RR 1.38 (95% CI 1.03, 1.84)) mothers. Children's PDI scores or motor delay did not differ by maternal prepregnancy BMI. CONCLUSION: In this nationally representative sample of 2-year-old US children, low and very-high maternal prepregnancy BMI were associated with increased risk of delayed mental development but not motor development.

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Section: Maternal Prepregnancy Bmi and Child Neurodevelopment Sn Hinkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age

et al. 2012

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“…Fetal redistribution of blood flow to preserve brain development mediates other organ underdevelopment. 26,27 Animal studies suggest that adult cardiomyocyte CSA indicates cross-sectional area; cIMT, carotid intima-medial thickness; cWD/cLdD, carotid wall diameters/carotid lumen diameters in diastole; IMT, intima-medial thickness; LV, left ventricular; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; M/V, mass:volume; SAM, severe acute malnutrition; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.…”

Section: Comparison Of Survivors and Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Cardiovascular Structure and Function in Adult Survivors of Severe Acute Malnutrition

et al. 2014

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“…The particular susceptibility of the developing central nervous system (CNS) has been noted for decades and several publications suggest that there might be a critical window of exposure during brain development [5][6][7][8]. It has also been discussed that early-life stimulation via environmental stressors such as chemical exposures may trigger genetic or epigenetic changes that modulate an organism's biological system, which in turn leads to neurodevelopmental alterations [7,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish as a Model for Developmental Neurotoxicity Assessment: The Application of the Zebrafish in Defining the Effects of Arsenic, Methylmercury, or Lead on Early Neurodevelopment

Lee

Freeman

2014

Toxics

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Developmental exposure to neurotoxic chemicals presents significant health concerns because of the vulnerability of the developing central nervous system (CNS) and the immature brain barrier. To date, a short list of chemicals including some metals have been identified as known developmental neurotoxicants; however, there are still numerous chemicals that remain to be evaluated for their potential developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). To facilitate evaluation of chemicals for DNT, the zebrafish vertebrate model system has emerged as a promising tool. The zebrafish possesses a number of strengths as a test species in DNT studies including an abundance of embryos developing ex utero presenting ease in chemical dosing and microscopic assessment at all early developmental stages. Additionally, rapid neurodevelopment via conserved molecular pathways supports the likelihood of recapitulating neurotoxic effects observed in other vertebrates. In this review, we describe the biological relevance of zebrafish as a complementary model for assessment of DNT. We then focus on a metalloid and two metals that are known developmental neurotoxicants (arsenic, methylmercury, and lead). We summarize studies in humans and traditional vertebrate models and then detail studies defining the toxicity of these substances using the zebrafish to support application of this model system in DNT studies.

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The vulnerable developing brain

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Associations between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age

Associations between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age

Impaired Cardiovascular Structure and Function in Adult Survivors of Severe Acute Malnutrition

Zebrafish as a Model for Developmental Neurotoxicity Assessment: The Application of the Zebrafish in Defining the Effects of Arsenic, Methylmercury, or Lead on Early Neurodevelopment

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