The Vulnerability of Settlements in The Areas Impacted by Lapindo Mudflow Disaster, Sidoarjo

Abstract

The Lapindo Hot Mudflow Disaster is a disaster case that occurred in 2006 in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, and has become a hot issue at the national, even international level. After 14 years, it turns out that until now the impact of the disaster has not completely subsided. The settlements that were impacted by the mudflow disaster but still inhabited by the community looked vulnerable because many were damaged, cracked and the floors slowly subsided due to land subsidence. This study aims to determine the level of vulnerability of community settlements in areas impacted by the Lapindo mudflow disaster, which uses quantitative analysis methods by collecting data using questionnaires in 3 study villages, namely Glagaharum Village, Gedang Village and Kalitengah Village. The results of research data analysis using scoring techniques using 2 formulas as well as Statistic Descriptives and Means Plots show that the three villages have a moderate level of vulnerability and Kalitengah village has the highest level of vulnerability. The results of data analysis with the Kruskal Wallis statistical test show that the Village Location factor has a significant effect on the Vulnerability Level in this study, which means that the closer the village is to the mud embankment, the level of vulnerability will also increase. From the results of this vulnerability study, data on the condition and availability of disaster emergency infrastructure, which is part of the adaptive capacity variable, still needs to be improved, because it can be a factor in reducing the level of vulnerability to support disaster risk reduction programs and strengthening community resilience to disaster that may arise in the future.

Community Response to Disaster Mitigation in the Impacted Area of Mudflow Disaster

“…Regarding the changes in land use in the three villages that became this study's sites (Figure 2 Based on the data from the satellite imagery of land area changes in the area impacted by the Lapindo mudflow disaster, it was found that: the area of settlements and paddy fields decreased (Figure 3), while the area of water bodies, mud, vacant land and mud embankments increased significantly (Ekawati et al 2020). This shows that the levels of disaster risk and vulnerability of the community settlements in the area affected by the Lapindo mudflow disaster are high and they require more attention (Ekawati and Sulistyowati 2021). Moreover, based on the 2017 situation, to the east of the mud embankment wall, there are still water bodies that have begun to inundate the locations around the community settlement in Glagaharum Village, so it is feared that the expansion of the mud embankment will be carried out again by the PPLS (the Sidoarjo Mudflow Management Center).…”

Evaluating How Tenure Security in Disaster Management Depends on Land Governance Based on Indonesian Case Study

“…The mud continued to leak from the ground with no sign of stopping, inundating the surrounding area with thick mud. This mudflow has been ongoing for some time and is expected to continue for some time (Wibowo et al, 2018) and (Ekawati & Sulistyowati, 2021). In its early days, the outburst rates ranged between 100.000 and 120.000 m 3 per day, with an estimated temperature of 100 degrees Celsius (Sidoarjo, 2020).…”

“…Soon after, the mud inundated nearby villages. According to the most recent report in 2020, the mudslide affected 16 villages in three districts in Porong, Tanggulangin, and Jabon, inundating more than 6,5 km2 of land with a depth of nearly 25 meters and displacing more than 40.000 people (Kure et al, 2014), (Ekawati & Sulistyowati, 2021) and (Ekawati et al, 2020). The inundated area included industrial estates, agricultural areas, the Surabaya-Gempol toll road, and densely populated residential regions.…”

“…The inundated area included industrial estates, agricultural areas, the Surabaya-Gempol toll road, and densely populated residential regions. As a result of the impact, there are significant physical, economic, and ecological losses, such as infrastructure damage, factories that are unable to operate causing many people to lose their jobs, land deformation and ground movement, degradation of groundwater and air quality that lead to health problems (Ekawati & Sulistyowati, 2021) and (Novenanto, 2016).…”