The vulnerability of global cities to climate hazards

Sherbinin, Alex de; Schiller, A.; Pulsipher, Alex

doi:10.1177/0956247807076725

Cited by 361 publications

(218 citation statements)

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“…Big cities commonly have more populations that may lead to scarcities of living spaces. Such big cities often expand its centre to low-lying areas (De Sherbinin et al, 2007) and sometimes these areas are below sea level. Almost all these circumstances could be counted that such city's areas are prone to flooding.…”

Section: Urban Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point Cloud Data Fusion for Enhancing 2D Urban Flood Modelling

Meesuk¹

2017

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Although all care is taken to ensure the integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers, the author nor UNESCO-IHE for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein. A pdf version of this work will be made available as Open Access via http://repository.tudelft.nl/ihe This version is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Published by: CRC Press/Balkema PO Box 11320, 2301 EH Leiden, the Netherlands e-mail: Pub.NL@taylorandfrancis.com www.crcpress.com -www.taylorandfrancis.com to my dear family SummaryModelling urban flood dynamics requires detailed knowledge of a number of complex processes. Numerical simulation of flood propagation requires proper understanding of all processes involved. Also, special care has to be taken to adequately represent the urban topography, taking into account typical urban features like underpasses and hidden alleyways. Incorrect input data will affect the numerical model results, which may lead to inadequate flood-protection measures or even catastrophic flooding situations. This thesis explores how to include particular urban topographic features in urban flood modelling.Aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems offer opportunities for achieving good quality topographic data, with less fieldwork on the ground. Even though aerial LiDAR data have long been used in many applications, conventional top-view LiDAR data can not quite capture some hidden urban features. However, recent improvements in Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques provide opportunities to achieve improved quality topographic data by using multiple viewpoints, including side-view data.This dissertation explores insights into the capabilities of assimilating SfM point cloud data by using multi-source views as input for enhancing 2D urban flood modelling. Side-view SfM point cloud data are collected and merged with conventional top-view LiDAR point cloud data to create novel Multi-Source Views (MSV) topographic data. The main objectives of this research are (i) to provide insight into the capabilities of using computer-based environments; (ii) to explore the benefits of using the new MSV data; (iii) to enhance 2D model schematizations; (iv) to compare simulated results using new MSV data and conventional top-view LiDAR data as input for urban flood models; and (v) to help developing flood-protection measures. Findings showed that simulation results using conventional top-view LiDAR-DSM as input show the least flood inundation areas and results contained many dry areas. This is because conventional LiDAR-DSM does not capture hidden urban features like underpasses, high trees, overarching structures, which behave as obstacles in 2D model schematics. When applying extended top-view LiDAR-DBM+ and the newly developed MSV-DEM as input, simulation results showed m...

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Section: Urban Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point Cloud Data Fusion for Enhancing 2D Urban Flood Modelling

Meesuk¹

2017

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“…In a more elaborate definition, vulnerability is the exposure of a system to shocks, stresses, and disturbances, or the degree to which a system is susceptible to adverse effects (Leurs, 2005;McCarthy, 2001;Turner et al, 2003), or the degree to which a system is likely to experience harm from perturbation or stress (De Sherbinin, Schiller, & Pulsipher, 2007). Vulnerability can be calculated using sophisticated approaches (e.g., Maier et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introduction a Water Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Supply, Demand, and Quality Indicators for Assessing the Spatial Distribution of Water Resource Vulnerability in the Columbia River Basin

et al. 2013

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We investigated water resource vulnerability in the US portion of the Columbia River basin (CRB) using multiple indicators representing water supply, water demand, and water quality. Based on the US county scale, spatial analysis was conducted using various biophysical and socio-economic indicators that control water vulnerability. Water supply vulnerability and water demand vulnerability exhibited a similar spatial clustering of hotspots in areas where agricultural lands and variability of precipitation were high but dam storage capacity was low. The hotspots of water quality vulnerability were clustered around the main stem of the Columbia River where major population and agricultural centres are located. This multiple equal weight indicator approach confirmed that different drivers were associated with different vulnerability maps in the sub-basins of the CRB. Water quality variables are more important than water supply and water demand variables in the Willamette River basin, whereas water supply and demand variables are more important than water quality variables in the Upper Snake and Upper Columbia River basins. This result suggests that current water resources management and practices drive much of the vulnerability within the study area. The analysis suggests the need for increased coordination of water management across multiple levels of water governance to reduce water resource vulnerability in the CRB and a potentially different weighting scheme that explicitly takes into account the input of various water stakeholders.RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] Nous étudions la vulnérabilité de la ressource en eau dans la partie étatsunienne du bassin du fleuve Columbia à l'aide d'indicateurs multiples représentant l'apport d'eau, la demande en eau et la qualité de l'eau. En nous basant sur l'échelle des comtés des États-Unis, nous avons fait une analyse spatiale à l'aide de divers indicateurs biophysiques et socio-économiques qui déterminent la vulnérabilité de l'eau. La vulnérabilité de l'apport d'eau et la vulnérabilité de la demande en eau ont exhibé un regroupement spatial similaire de points chauds dans les régions où il y avait beaucoup de terres agricoles et une grande variabilité dans les précipitations mais où il y avait une faible capacité de stockage par des barrages. Les points chauds de vulnérabilité de la qualité de l'eau étaient regroupés autour du bras principal du fleuve Columbia, où sont situés les principaux centres urbains et agricoles. Cette approche basée sur des indicateurs multiples de poids égaux a confirmé que différents facteurs étaient associés à différentes cartes de vulnérabilité dans les sous-bassins du bassin du fleuve Columbia. Les variables de qualité de l'eau sont plus importantes que les variables d'apport d'eau et de demande en eau dans le bassin de la rivière Willamette alors que les variables d'apport d'eau et de demande en eau sont plus importantes que les variables de qualité de l'eau dans les bassins des parties supérieures de la rivière Snake et du fleuve ...

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“…The effects of climate change pose increasing stress on delta areas [2], since the synergistic impacts of sea level rise (SLR), saltwater intrusions, flooding, and increasing soil-erosion patterns contribute to the vulnerability of generally densely populated areas, often associated with large growing cities [3,4]. The most serious impacts, which paradoxically can both be expected at the same time, are increasing flooding events [5] and decreasing freshwater availability [6]. By the year 2000, 150 million people worldwide were living in cities with perennial fresh water shortages and approximately 886 million urban dwellers were affected by seasonal water shortages [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Decentralized Rainwater Management in Urban Planning and Design: Flood Resilient and Sustainable Water Management Using the Example of Coastal Cities in The Netherlands and Taiwan

Schuetze

Chelleri

2013

Water

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Urbanized delta areas worldwide share a growing tendency of exposure to water stress induced by the effects of climate change and anthropogenic factors, threatening the operation of infrastructure systems and future urban development. The important synergistic impacts coexisting with freshwater scarcity are increasing urbanization rates, subsiding soils, saltwater intrusion in aquifers and rivers, coastal erosion, and increased flooding. Innovative design strategies and concepts for the integration of decentralized rainwater management measures can contribute to the integrated and climate resilient planning of urban spaces that are threatened by climate change scenarios that worsen the security of urban infrastructures and the future availability of fresh water. Decentralized rainwater management, including retention, storage, and reuse strategies that are integrated into spatial planning and urban design, can reduce flood risks while simultaneously enhancing freshwater availability. This paper discusses a paradigm shift in urban water management, from centralized to decentralized management (that is, from threats to opportunities), using the example of two case studies. Concepts and strategies for building climate resilient cities, which address flood control, the protection of freshwater resources, and the harmonization of a natural and more sustainable water balance, are presented for Almere (Rhine Schelde Delta, The Netherlands) and Hsingchu (Dotzpu Delta, Taiwan).

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The vulnerability of global cities to climate hazards

Cited by 361 publications

References 10 publications

Point Cloud Data Fusion for Enhancing 2D Urban Flood Modelling

Point Cloud Data Fusion for Enhancing 2D Urban Flood Modelling

Water Supply, Demand, and Quality Indicators for Assessing the Spatial Distribution of Water Resource Vulnerability in the Columbia River Basin

Integrating Decentralized Rainwater Management in Urban Planning and Design: Flood Resilient and Sustainable Water Management Using the Example of Coastal Cities in The Netherlands and Taiwan

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