The volumetric incidence of atmospheric allergens

Durham, Oren C.

doi:10.1016/0021-8707(46)90024-x

Cited by 77 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Density of airborne pollen grains-Airborne pollen grains of Cycas revoluta were collected from 25 May to 18 June 2004 using Durham's sampling device (Durham, 1946). Three sampling devices were set at a height of 1 m at three different distances (2, 10, and 60 m) from the nearest male cone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) wind‐ or insect‐pollinated?

Kono

Tobe

2007

American J of Botany

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Among the Cycadales (Cycadaceae and Zamiaceae), the Zamiaceae are known to be insect-pollinated. In contrast, the Cycadaceae are still considered wind-pollinated, although some doubt has been cast on several species, including Cycas revoluta. Using a large population of C. revoluta on Yonaguni Island (Okinawa, Japan), we performed exclusion experiments, documented insects from male and female cones, and analyzed the morphology of the apical part of the ovule to determine the pollination method of this species. Insect exclusion resulted in a notable reduction in seed set, except in a few individuals growing near male cones. The amount of airborne pollen was abundant within a 2-m radius of male cones but decreased markedly beyond this distance. Pollen grains of C. revoluta were found on the body of Carpophilus chalybeus (Nitidulidae, Coleoptera), one of a few species of insects collected from both male cones and female cones far from males. We conclude that C. revoluta relies on both wind (anemophily) and insect pollination (entomophily), although such anemophily is restricted to female trees growing within a 2-m radius of male trees. The nitidulids are not host specific to this cycad and primarily feed on plant tissue but serve as pollinators during pollen release. Cycas revoluta appears to be in an initial mode of animal pollination, as opposed to the host-specific insect pollination observed in most Zamiaceae.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) wind‐ or insect‐pollinated?

Kono

Tobe

2007

American J of Botany

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“…(vi) Durham's airwhip (Durham, 1947) is a 36 in. aluminium rod which is made to swing a sticky slide in a circle.…”

Section: Pollen and Spore Surveys Technical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric pollen and spores in relation to allergy. I

Hyde¹

1972

Clin Experimental Allergy

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The multitude of seeds produced by an Agaric or a Boletus is innumerable! It is astonishing! Yet not one in ten thousand answers the purpose of propagation. Is not the air we breathe charged with them all the declining part of the year ? Do we not receive them into our lungs with every breath we draw? Whence proceed the quinsies, coughs and other complaints which prevail in Autumn? JAMES BOLTON: An History of British Ferns (Huddersfield, 1790) Introduction. Thommen's postulates re-statedOf all the causes of inhalant allergy, known or suspected, none lend themselves more readily to scientific investigation than do pollen grains and fungus spores. Plant spores in the widest sense are found in all divisions of the plant kingdom but only those formed by the flowering plants (and known as pollen grains) and the fungi contribute significantly to the aerospora; other phyla produce airborne spores, but these are numerically of minor importance.* (Bacteria, except for the Actinomycetes, are outside our present terms of reference.) In an efl"ort to focus attention on those flowering plants which are the proper concern of allergists Thommen (1931) proposed five postulates all of which he said should be known to apply to a plant before it should be regarded as a probable cause of epidemic or widespread hay fever. These postulates have been widely accepted: they were, however, put forward when the use of aerobiological methods in the service of allergy had only just begun and when the very existence of fungus spore allergy had been barely hinted at. They are now due to be revised to meet modern requirements. The following re-statement is proposed:

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“…(A) Japanese cedar pollen daily counts (Durham method 8 ) in Yokohama city, 2019. (B) Total metachromatic cell count in entire grass slide of untreated patients and (C) SCIT patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) counts were done every year in Yokohama using the Durham method 8 . We defined the beginning of pollen dispersal as at least 2 consecutive days of 10 pollens/cm 2 or over 20 pollens/cm 2 on a single day 9 .…”

Section: Pollen Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergen‐specific subcutaneous immunotherapy for Japanese cedar pollinosis decreases the number of metachromatic cells and eosinophils in nasal swabs during the preseason and in season

Otsuka

Matsune

et al. 2020

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Background and objective: Nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be reduced with allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). However, the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of SCIT for Japanese cedar pollinosis are not well understood. We studied changes in the numbers of metachromatic cells, eosinophils and neutrophils in nasal swabs following SCIT for Japanese cedar pollinosis. Methods: Subjects were either untreated or given SCIT for 0.5 to 13 years duration. For the 2019 seasons, nasal swabs were taken in the pollinosis preseason (immunotherapy n = 36; untreated control, n = 62) and in the pollinosis season (immunotherapy n = 45; untreated control n = 46) and the numbers of mast cells, eosinophils and neutrophils assessed by microscopy. Results: There were significant improvements in symptom severities following SCIT in comparison to untreated subjects (P < .0003, the Mann-Whitney U test) in preseason, and (P < .00001) in season. Metachromatic cell counts from nasal swabs of SCIT subjects in preseason and in the season were lower than those of untreated subjects (P = .0029 and P = .031, respectively). Eosinophil numbers in nasal swabs of subjects given SCIT were lower than in untreated subjects (P = .0031) in season, but not in preseason. There were no significant differences in degrees of neutrophilia between untreated and SCIT subjects in preseason and in season. Conclusion: One mechanism underlying the effectiveness of SCIT for Japanese cedar pollinosis involves a reduction in the number of metachromatic cells in nasal swabs in the preseason and an inhibition of increases in the number of metachromatic cells and eosinophils in season.

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The volumetric incidence of atmospheric allergens

Cited by 77 publications

References 6 publications

Is Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) wind‐ or insect‐pollinated?

Is Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) wind‐ or insect‐pollinated?

Atmospheric pollen and spores in relation to allergy. I

Allergen‐specific subcutaneous immunotherapy for Japanese cedar pollinosis decreases the number of metachromatic cells and eosinophils in nasal swabs during the preseason and in season

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