The Volume of Distribution of Sodium Thiosulfate as a Measure of the Extracellular Fluid Space 1

Cardozo, Romina; Edelman, Isidore S.

doi:10.1172/jci102604

Cited by 105 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, its theoretic bases do not seem sound. Thiosulfate is known to enter the red blood cells (1) and if it enters these cells it may enter others. Gilman, Philips, and Koelle (9) found that in dogs about one-fourth of the inj ected thiosulfate cannot be recovered and they concluded, on good evidence, that most of the irretrievable fraction disappeared during and j ust after the infusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of the single injection thiosulfate method, proposed by Cardozo and Edelman (1) for the measurement of the extracellular fluid volume. The conclusion is that the method does not give a valid estimate of the extracellular fluid volume and probably does not even measure the volume of distribution potentially available to thiosulfate.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of the Single Injection Thiosulfate Method for the Measurement of Extracellular Water1

Chesley¹,

Lenobel²

1957

J. Clin. Invest.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of the single injection thiosulfate method, proposed by Cardozo and Edelman (1) for the measurement of the extracellular fluid volume. The conclusion is that the method does not give a valid estimate of the extracellular fluid volume and probably does not even measure the volume of distribution potentially available to thiosulfate.Cardozo and Edelman gave an accurately known amount of sodium thiosulfate (about 10 gm. of Na2S2O3 5 H20 in 10 per cent solution) by intravenous injection over a period that varied from 7 to 16 minutes. They then collected venous blood samples at intervals and plotted the logarithms of the serum thiosulfate concentrations against time. The points usually fell on a straight line; this was extrapolated back to zero time, which arbitrarily was set as the moment the infusion had been started. If the points did not fall on a straight line, the test was discarded because of the variable clearance rate of the thiosulfate. The extrapolated value for serum concentration of thiosulfate (P.) is presumed to be what the concentration would be if the thiosulfate were instantaneously injected and evenly distributed in its final volume of dilution. This extrapolated P0 is then divided into the total amount of thiosulfate injected to calculate the volume of distribution.Aside from the fact that virtually none of the thiosulfate has been injected at this zero time, the method is based upon rather questionable assumptions, which will be discussed later.In some of the evaluations of the single injection method that follow, comparisons were made between the volumes of distribution of thiosulfate and sucrose as calculated by different methods. The other procedures used were the infusion/ slope method devised by Schwartz (2) and the calibrated infusion (IV minus UV) method of Deane, Schreiner, and Robertson (3). MATERIAL AND METHODSAll experiments were done with hospitalized women. While they were not "normal," they were selected.Patients with any discernible cause for disturbance in hydration, such as fever, renal disease or heart disease, were excluded. All In the calibrated infusion method this solution was given intravenously at the rate of 1.05 to 1.10 ml. per minute. Half-hourly collections of venous blood and of urine were begun 2 hours after the start of the infusion. After the collection of 3 or 4 blood and urine samples the thiosulfate was given for the single injection procedure.In measuring the volume of sucrose distribution by the 327

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of the Single Injection Thiosulfate Method for the Measurement of Extracellular Water1

Chesley¹,

Lenobel²

1957

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Plasma volume was measured by the method of Courtice (1943) employing the intravenous injection of Evans Blue. The extracellular fluid volume was estimated from the volume of distribution of sodium thiosulphate using the method of Cardozo & Edelman (1952). The measurement of the renal clearance of inulin and para-aminohippurate was carried out by the subcutaneous injection method , inulin being estimated by the method of Roe, Epstein & Goldstein (1949), and para-aminohippurate by that of Bratton & Marshall (1939).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sodium depletion on the renal response to water‐loading in dogs

Coxon¹,

Ramsay²

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Dogs depleted of sodium by peritoneal dialysis with glucose solution (5 g/100 ml.) showed a significant reduction in plasma sodium concentration, in inulin clearance and in plasma and extracellular fluid volume. The plasma protein concentration and haematocrit were increased.2. By the second day of salt depletion the plasma and extracellular fluid volumes, plasma protein concentration and haematocrit all showed some recovery towards normal values.3. A water-load of 2-5 % of body weight did not cause diuresis or natriuresis when given on the first day of depletion, but initiated a water diuresis when given on the second day.4. A water-load of 5% of body weight caused diuresis but not natriuresis, when given on either day of salt depletion.5. The physiological interpretation of these results is discussed.

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“…Extracellular-fluid volume was taken to be equal to the volume of distribution of the thiosulphate ion, estimated in plasma according to Cardozo & Edelmann (1952).…”

Section: A D Care D B Ross and A A Wilsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of exchangeable magnesium within the sheep

Care¹,

Ross²,

Wilson³

1965

The Journal of Physiology

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that after the intravenous administration of 28Mg the decline in the specific activity of the plasma or urinary magnesium can be expressed as the sum of several exponential terms. Two general methods have been proposed for the solution of such a multi-termed equation for the entire system. The choice between these methods is important, since substitution of a single-term exponential equation for a multi-term one will provide erroneously high values for the size of the total exchangeable pool and of the unidirectional exchange rates. This will be demonstrated below.In the first method Care (1960) described the fall in plasma specific activity of magnesium, S(t), with time by the general equation S(t) = Ale klt + A2e-k2t + A3e-kt.He assumed that each term describes the behaviour of magnesium in a different pool and defined the size of each pool Q1, Q2 and Q3 as: injected per unit weight of magnesium. A system was postulated in which the 28Mg moved from one pool to the next successively, homogenization in each pool preceding each step.In the second method, used by Aubert & Milhaud (1960) to describe the time course of the plasma specific activity of calcium in man, the blood was represented as the central pool, the calcium of which exchanges simultaneously with that of three other pools in parallel with it; that is, a mammillary system was postulated with the blood as the central * Present address: The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen.

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The Volume of Distribution of Sodium Thiosulfate as a Measure of the Extracellular Fluid Space 1

Cited by 105 publications

References 18 publications

An Evaluation of the Single Injection Thiosulfate Method for the Measurement of Extracellular Water1

An Evaluation of the Single Injection Thiosulfate Method for the Measurement of Extracellular Water1

The effect of sodium depletion on the renal response to water‐loading in dogs

The distribution of exchangeable magnesium within the sheep

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