The voltage characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) under steady and transient states

Two-phase flow and thermal transients in proton exchange membrane fuel cells – A critical review

“…They validated the numerical findings from Um et al and showed that increasing the stoichiometry resulted in a decrease in the overshoot behavior. This result was later supported by Shen et al [37]. i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y 4 0 ( 2 0 1 5 ) 3 9 9 0 e4 0 1 0…”

The effects of air stoichiometry and air excess ratio on the transient response of a PEMFC under load change conditions

“…Hou [8] analyzed the hysteresis phenomenon for different GDLs and PTFE loadings using the galvanostatic step sweep method, and concluded that the hysteresis in polarization curves resulted from liquid water generation http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014. 10.046 0306-2619/Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. and storage within the diffusion media.…”

“…Anderson et al [9] studied two-phase pressure hysteresis in various operating conditions within the micro-porous layer. In addition, the effects of air stoichiometry on the transient response of a PEMFC have been investigated under load change conditions [10][11][12][13]. Shen et al [10] observed the temporary voltage fluctuation from air starvation, which can cause the degradation of cell materials.…”

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Reversal: A Review

“…Rao et al [21] developed a distributed dynamic model including three layers (the gas flow channel, the diffusion layer, and the reaction layer) in a cathode to discuss the problem of gas starvation. There are many reports about current distribution and degradation caused by air starvation [5,22,23]. In these papers, current distribution is relevant to matter diffusion.…”

“…To evaluate the degree of graphitization, crystallite thickness (L c values) and interlayer spacing (d 0 0 2 values) were calculated using the Scherrer formula and Bragg's law, respectively. Higher L c value of (0 0 2) peak and lower d 0 0 2 number imply higher graphitization [21][22][23]. When different carbon supports were compared, CNF showed the lowest d 0 0 2 value of 0.3356 nm, close to that of pure graphite (0.3354 nm) [23].…”