The volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Leistel, J. M.; Marcoux, Éric; Thiéblemont, Denis; Quesada, Cecilio; Sánchez, Alexander; Almodóvar, G. R.; Pascual, Emilio Soler; Sáez, Reinaldo

doi:10.1007/s001260050130

Cited by 331 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The mafic rocks were formed due to partial melting of the asthenospheric mantle, whereas the felsic volcanism derived from crustal anatexis, possibly promoted by heat supplied by rising mafic magmas (Munhá 1983;Mitjavila et al 1997;Thiéblemont et al 1998), at low-to mediumpressures and steep geothermal gradients. This makes the IPB different from the massive sulphide-bearing volcanic arc-related series and settings (Leistel et al 1998).…”

Section: Geochemistry Of Volcanic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…General syntheses on the IPB include those of Strauss et al (1977), Routhier et al (1980), IGME (1982), Barriga (1990), Sáez et al (1996), Leistel et al (1998), Carvalho et al (1999, Junta de Andalucía (1999), Tornos et al (2000), Tornos (2006). Other general studies deal with stratigraphy (Oliveira 1990;Pereira et al 2007), volcanism (Munhá 1983;Mitjavila et al 1997;Thiéblemont et al 1998), structure and regional metamorphism (e.g., Munhá 1990;Silva et al 1990;Quesada 1998) or the facies architecture of the volcano-sedimentary complex (Soriano and Martí 1999;Junta de Andalucía 1999;Rosa 2007).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IPB contains about 90 volcanogenic massive sulphide (VHMS) deposits, estimated before erosion at over 1700 Mt containing 14.6 Mt Cu, 34.9 Mt Zn, 13.0 Mt Pb, 46,100 t Ag, 880 t Au and significant amounts of other metals, in particular Sn (Leistel et al 1998). About 20 % of the total amount has been mined and 10-15 % was lost to erosion.…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Carvalho et al 1999). Hundreds of Mn occurrences and small deposits are also related to the felsic volcanism, the most significant being Solo Viejo in Spain (Carvalho et al 1976(Carvalho et al , 1999Barriga et al 1997;Leistel et al 1998;Tornos et al 2000;Relvas et al 2002Relvas et al , 2006aMatos et al 2006;Tornos 2006). The massive sulphide deposits range in thickness from 1 m to tens of metres and up to a few kilometres in extension.…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, tectonic stacking significantly increased the thickness of massive ore bodies in some deposits. Despite thrusting, most of the massive sulphides ore piles are underlain by, or imbricated with large stockwork or stringer zones, made up of sulphide-bearing, mm-thick stringers to dm-thick veins (Carvalho 1979;Leistel et al 1998).…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Inverno

Montes

Rosa

et al. 2015

Mineral Resource Reviews

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The 250 × 20-70 km Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) is a Variscan metallogenic province in SW Portugal and Spain hosting the largest concentration of massive sulphide deposits worldwide. The lowermost stratigraphic unit is the early Givetian to late Famennian-Strunian (base unknown) PhylliteQuartzite Group (PQG), with shales, quartz-sandstones, quartzwacke siltstones, minor conglomerate and limestones at the top. The PQG is overlain by the Volcanic Sedimentary Complex (VSC), of late Famennian to mid-late Visean age, with a lower part of mafic volcanic rocks, rhyolites, dacites and dark shales, hosting VHMS deposits on top (many times capped by a jasper/chert layer), and an upper part, with dark, purple and other shales and volcanogenic/volcaniclastic rocks, carrying Mn oxide deposits. The VSC is covered by the thousands of meters thick Baixo Alentejo Flysch Group of late Visean to Moscovian age. The VSC

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Section: Geochemistry Of Volcanic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Inverno

Montes

Rosa

et al. 2015

Mineral Resource Reviews

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Productivity Contribution of Paleozoic Woodlands to the Formation of Shale‐Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Tharsis, Spain)

et al. 2018

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The geological materials produced during catastrophic and destructive events are an essential source of paleobiological knowledge. The paleobiological information recorded by such events can be rich in information on the size, diversity, and structure of paleocommunities. In this regard, the geobiological study of late Devonian organic matter sampled in Tharsis (Iberian Pyrite Belt) provided some new insights into a Paleozoic woodland community, which was recorded as massive sulfides and black shale deposits affected by a catastrophic event. Sample analysis using TOF‐SIMS (Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer), and complemented by GC/MS (Gas Chromatrograph/Mass Spectrometer) identified organic compounds showing a very distinct distribution in the rock. While phytochemical compounds occur homogeneously in the sample matrix that is composed of black shale, the microbial‐derived organics are more abundant in the sulfide nodules. The cooccurrence of sulfur bacteria compounds and the overwhelming presence of phytochemicals provide support for the hypothesis that the formation of the massive sulfides resulted from a high rate of vegetal debris production and its oxidation through sulfate reduction under suboxic to anoxic conditions. A continuous supply of iron from hydrothermal activity coupled with microbial activity was strictly necessary to produce this massive orebody. A rough estimate of the woodland biomass was made possible by accounting for the microbial sulfur production activity recorded in the metallic sulfide. As a result, the biomass size of the late Devonian woodland community was comparable to modern woodlands like the Amazon or Congo rainforests.

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Rio Tinto: An Extreme Acidic Environmental Model of Astrobiological Interest

Amils

Fernández-Remolar

2020

Extremophiles as Astrobiological Models

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The volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Cited by 331 publications

References 25 publications

Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Productivity Contribution of Paleozoic Woodlands to the Formation of Shale‐Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Tharsis, Spain)

Rio Tinto: An Extreme Acidic Environmental Model of Astrobiological Interest

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