The volcanic and geothermally active Campi Flegrei caldera: an integrated multidisciplinary image of its buried structure

Piochi, Monica; Kilburn, Christopher R. J.; Vito, M. A. Di; Mormone, Angela; Tramelli, Anna; Troise, Claudia; Natale, Giuseppe De

doi:10.1007/s00531-013-0972-7

Cited by 78 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…Two high-angle faults (Faults A and B) are implemented with parameters informed by data on the ring faults of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (14 ka) and Campanian Ignimbrite (39 ka) eruptions, respectively (De Natale and Pingue, 1993;Orsi et al, 1996;Folch and Gottsmann, 2006;Piochi et al, 2014). The fault geometry is represented in Fig.…”

Section: Model Parametrisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Table 1). Atmospheric boundary conditions are fixed on the top (which is open to fluid and heat flow), lateral boundaries are assumed to be impervious and adiabatic, while a heat flux is assigned at the bottom impervious boundary at a rate of 0.195 W m −2 to ensure a temperature gradient comparable to that estimated for CF (∼ 130 • C km −1 , (Rosi and Sbrana, 1987;De Siena et al, 2010;Piochi et al, 2014)). …”

Section: Model Parametrisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A heat flux of 0.195 W m −2 is assigned at the impervious bottom boundary during the entire simulation, specified in order to sustain a temperature gradient comparable to that estimated for CF -∼ 130 • C km −1 (Rosi and Sbrana, 1987;De Siena et al, 2010;Piochi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Rock Porosity Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4a. Hydrological parameters (permeability, density and porosity) are obtained from averaging drilling data for AGIP's report (Piochi et al, 2014), while the thermal properties of the rocks (thermal conductivity and specific heat) are derived from Rosi and Sbrana (1987) and Todesco et al (2010) (see Table 1). …”

Section: Rock Porosity Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the rigidity modulus µ for each layer of Fig. 3 is derived from seismic p wave velocity v p data (Orsi et al, 1996;Zollo et al, 2008;Piochi et al, 2014) by the application of the formula of Mavko et al (2009):…”

Section: A Coco Et Al: Numerical Models For Ground Deformation and mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of a restless caldera

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Ground deformation and gravity changes in restless calderas during periods of unrest can signal an impending eruption and thus must be correctly interpreted for hazard evaluation. It is critical to differentiate variation of geophysical observables related to volume and pressure changes induced by magma migration from shallow hydrothermal activity associated with hot fluids of magmatic origin rising from depth. In this paper we present a numerical model to evaluate the thermo-poroelastic response of the hydrothermal system in a caldera setting by simulating pore pressure and thermal expansion associated with deep injection of hot fluids (water and carbon dioxide). Hydrothermal fluid circulation is simulated using TOUGH2, a multicomponent multiphase simulator of fluid flows in porous media. Changes in pore pressure and temperature are then evaluated and fed into a thermo-poroelastic model (one-way coupling), which is based on a finite-difference numerical method designed for axi-symmetric problems in unbounded domains.Informed by constraints available for the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), a series of simulations assess the influence of fluid injection rates and mechanical properties on the hydrothermal system, uplift and gravity. Heterogeneities in hydrological and mechanical properties associated with the presence of ring faults are a key determinant of the fluid flow pattern and consequently the geophysical observables. Peaks (in absolute value) of uplift and gravity change profiles computed at the ground surface are located close to injection points (namely at the centre of the model and fault areas).Temporal evolution of the ground deformation indicates that the contribution of thermal effects to the total uplift is almost negligible with respect to the pore pressure contribution during the first years of the unrest, but increases in time and becomes dominant after a long period of the simulation. After a transient increase over the first years of unrest, gravity changes become negative and decrease monotonically towards a steady-state value.Since the physics of the investigated hydrothermal system is similar to any fluid-filled reservoir, such as oil fields or CO 2 reservoirs produced by sequestration, the generic formulation of the model will allow it to be employed in monitoring and interpretation of deformation and gravity data associated with other geophysical hazards that pose a risk to human activity.

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Section: Model Parametrisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Parametrisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rock Porosity Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rock Porosity Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Coco Et Al: Numerical Models For Ground Deformation and mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of a restless caldera

et al. 2016

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The Campi Flegrei Deep Drilling Project (CFDDP): New insight on caldera structure, evolution and hazard implications for the Naples area (Southern Italy)

Natale

Troise

Mark

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The 501 m deep hole of the Campi Flegrei Deep Drilling Project, located west of the Naples metropolitan area and inside the Campi Flegrei caldera, gives new insight to reconstruct the volcanotectonic evolution of this highly populated volcano. It is one of the highest risk volcanic areas in the world, but its tectonic structure, eruptive history, and size of the largest eruptions are intensely debated in the literature. New stratigraphic and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronological dating allow us to determine, for the first time, the age of intracaldera deposits belonging to the two highest magnitude caldera-forming eruptions (i.e., Campanian Ignimbrite, CI, 39 ka, and Neapolitan Yellow Tuff, NYT, 14.9 ka) and to estimate the amount of collapse. Tuffs from 439 m of depth yield the first 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age of ca. 39 ka within the caldera, consistent with the CI. Volcanic rocks from the NYT were, moreover, detected between 250 and 160 m. Our findings highlight: (i) a reduction of the area affected by caldera collapse, which appears to not include the city of Naples; (ii) a small volume of the infilling caldera deposits, particularly for the CI, and (iii) the need for reassessment of the collapse amounts and mechanisms related to larger eruptions. Our results also imply a revaluation of volcanic risk for the eastern caldera area, including the city of Naples. The results of this study point out that large calderas are characterized by complex collapse mechanisms and dynamics, whose understanding needs more robust constraints, which can be obtained from scientific drilling.

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Significance of the 1982–2014 Campi Flegrei seismicity: Preexisting structures, hydrothermal processes, and hazard assessment

Luccio

Pino

Piscini

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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We find that the double-difference relocated seismicity, which occurred over the last 30 years at Campi Flegrei, was triggered by the uprising of fluids preferentially concentrated along onshore and offshore NW striking preexisting caldera faults. Focal volumes of the 2005-2014 seismicity do not overlap that of the 1982-1984 period, when a major uplift of 1.8 m occurred in the central sector of the caldera. This indicates a transition from an elastic to a plastic behavior due to fluid saturation and heating of the rocks in the hydrothermal reservoir. The 2012-2014 deeper earthquakes are located in a low V P ∕V S zone at the western boundary of the hydrothermal reservoir, where a volume increase from a magmatic body at 3.5 km depth has been recognized. The progressive rheological change from elastic to plastic in the upper 4 km of the crust implies that a slow upward migration of magma may not necessarily be preceded by earthquakes or swarms.

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The volcanic and geothermally active Campi Flegrei caldera: an integrated multidisciplinary image of its buried structure

Cited by 78 publications

References 114 publications

Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of a restless caldera

Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of a restless caldera

The Campi Flegrei Deep Drilling Project (CFDDP): New insight on caldera structure, evolution and hazard implications for the Naples area (Southern Italy)

Significance of the 1982–2014 Campi Flegrei seismicity: Preexisting structures, hydrothermal processes, and hazard assessment

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