Th e town of Assisi in Umbria, Italy, located on a sloping and precipitous mountain ridge halfway up the dome-shaped, wood-covered sides of Mount Subasio, has long been known as the birthplace of Franciscanism. Today the Basilica that houses the human remains of St Francis ( c. 1181/2-1226), the founder and leader of the Friars Minor, draws pilgrims and visitors alike, either to worship or admire the beauty of the architecture and fresco schemes. Th is infl ux of people makes Assisi one of Italy's prime tourist attractions. It wasn't always so. Th e journey to its transformation is also an exploration of the creation of a sacred and religious landscape via one man, St Francis of Assisi, one of a handful of historical fi gures associated with a town and a mountain. 1 Th is chapter thus investigates a unique human conversation with a mountain and how mountainous land that a community considered wild and barbaric can be changed by what they buried in it. It also explores what is believed about human remains that are buried, and how burials in such terrain aff ect a people's activities around the mountain and thus change the dynamics between human and mountain. It centres around the events that occurred following the death of St Francis and the desire by the Franciscan brothers to create a lasting monument to his memory via his human remains. St Francis was considered to be a phenomenon of his time and his life was full of paradox. A small, dark, nuggety man, born to a wealthy cloth merchant, he was educated as a youth and dreamed of being a knight, yet in adulthood he lived a life of poverty, dressed only in tunic, rope belt, and sandals. 2 Although actively engaged with towns, St Francis sought inner peace in a hermitage, Eremo delle Carceri, 4 kilometres from Assisi, built on a rocky outcrop in a steep forest gorge 791 metres above sea level, and higher up the steep slopes of Mount Subasio. His other sanctuary