The vocal communication of different kinds of smile

Drahota, Amy; Costall, Alan; Reddy, Vasudevi

doi:10.1016/j.specom.2007.10.001

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Recent studies have shown that smiling during speech production has several acoustic consequences. Increases in loudness, F0 and F2 (Barthel and Qu en e, 2015;Podesva et al, 2015), as well as higher F1 and F2 dispersions (Drahota et al, 2008) were reported. Interestingly, although F0 changes are often found when analysing smiling vocal productions, these alterations do not seem to be necessary to recognize smiles in speech, as smiles can also be recognised in nonsense syllables without training (Tartter, 1980) and in whispered voices (Tartter and Braun, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Uncovering mental representations of smiled speech using reverse correlation

Ponsot

Arias

Aucouturier

2018

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Which spectral cues underlie the perceptual processing of smiles in speech? Here, the question was addressed using reverse-correlation in the case of the isolated vowel [a]. Listeners were presented with hundreds of pairs of utterances with randomly manipulated spectral characteristics and were asked to indicate, in each pair, which was the most smiling. The analyses revealed that they relied on robust spectral representations that specifically encoded vowel's formants. These findings demonstrate the causal role played by formants in the perception of smile. Overall, this paper suggests a general method to estimate the spectral bases of high-level (e.g., emotional/social/paralinguistic) speech representations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Uncovering mental representations of smiled speech using reverse correlation

Ponsot

Arias

Aucouturier

2018

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…Effectively, the signalling of body size can become a ritualized advertisement of emotional or motivational state (Ohala, 1984; also see Morton's, 1977 motivation‐structural rules). In several species, callers have been observed to retract the lips in positive situations or in encounters where it is beneficial for them to appease another individual (such as a smile or fear grin; canines: Fox, 1970; humans: Drahota, Costall & Reddy, 2008) and to protrude the lips during socially stressful or agonistic encounters where it is beneficial to appear larger or more dominant (baboons: Harris et al , 2006; wolves: Fox, 1970). Moreover, Ohala (1984) has proposed that the vocal gestures associated with different emotional/motivational states may have driven the evolution of facial expressions, a theoretical hypothesis that has received support from both observational and empirical studies (Harris et al , 2006; Chuenwattanapranithi et al , 2008; Drahota et al , 2008).…”

Section: Affective and Referential Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several species, callers have been observed to retract the lips in positive situations or in encounters where it is beneficial for them to appease another individual (such as a smile or fear grin; canines: Fox, 1970;humans: Drahota, Costall & Reddy, 2008) and to protrude the lips during socially stressful or agonistic encounters where it is beneficial to appear larger or more dominant (baboons: Harris et al, 2006;wolves: Fox, 1970). Moreover, Ohala (1984) has proposed that the vocal gestures associated with different emotional/motivational states may have driven the evolution of facial expressions, a theoretical hypothesis that has received support from both observational and empirical studies (Harris et al, 2006;Chuenwattanapranithi et al, 2008;Drahota et al, 2008). The interaction between emotional/motivational state, acoustic output and facial expression is a largely unexplored branch of vocal communication (also see Ohala, 1984;Auberge´& Cathiard, 2003;Chuenwattanapranithi et al, 2008;Drahota et al, 2008) and further research in nonhuman mammals is required to determine the full extent and limitations of this phenomenon.…”

Section: Dynamic Encoding In the Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Ohala (1984) has proposed that the vocal gestures associated with different emotional/motivational states may have driven the evolution of facial expressions, a theoretical hypothesis that has received support from both observational and empirical studies (Harris et al, 2006;Chuenwattanapranithi et al, 2008;Drahota et al, 2008). The interaction between emotional/motivational state, acoustic output and facial expression is a largely unexplored branch of vocal communication (also see Ohala, 1984;Auberge´& Cathiard, 2003;Chuenwattanapranithi et al, 2008;Drahota et al, 2008) and further research in nonhuman mammals is required to determine the full extent and limitations of this phenomenon.…”

Section: Dynamic Encoding In the Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The contribution of source–filter theory to mammal vocal communication research

2010

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The field of animal vocal communication has benefited greatly from improved understanding of vocal production mechanisms and specifically from the generalization of the source-filter theory of speech production to non-human mammals. The application of the source-filter theory has enabled researchers to decompose the acoustic structure of vocal signals according to their mode of production and thereby to predict the acoustic variation that is caused by anatomical or physiological attributes of the caller. The source-filter theory states that vocal signals result from a two-stage production, with the glottal wave generated in the larynx (the source), being subsequently filtered in the supralaryngeal vocal tract (the filter). This theory predicts that independent indexical information such as body size, weight, age and sex can be contained in both the glottal wave (mostly characterized by its fundamental frequency), and the spectral envelope of the radiated vocalization (mostly characterized by the vocal tract resonances or formant frequencies). Additionally, physiological fluctuations in emotional or motivational state have been found to influence the acoustic characteristics of signals in a reliable and predictable manner that is perceptually available to receivers. While animal vocalizations contain some dynamic attributes, their static attributes are sufficient to provide an effective means of acoustic individual discrimination both within and across call types. In this paper, we draw together a wealth of experimental work conducted within the source-filter framework over the last decade and we review how such experiments have elucidated the communicative value of animal vocalizations.

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“…Even in the absence of visual datafor example during phone calls or when listening to the radio -'smile voices' can be reliably identified and therefore used as indexes of meaning (Drahota, Costall & Reddy 2008). We use them continuously to interpret meaning in interaction.…”

Section: Facial Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language learning in mindbodyworld: A sociocognitive approach to second language acquisition

Atkinson¹

2013

Lang. Teach.

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Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0261444813000153How to cite this article: Dwight Atkinson Language learning in mindbodyworld: A sociocognitive approach to second language acquisition. Language Teaching, Based on recent research in cognitive science, interaction, and second language acquisition (SLA), I describe a sociocognitive approach to SLA. This approach adopts a NON-COGNITIVIST view of cognition: Instead of an isolated computational process in which input is extracted from the environment and used to build elaborate internal knowledge representations, cognition is seen as ADAPTIVE INTELLIGENCE, enabling our close and sensitive ALIGNMENT to our ecosocial environment in order to survive in it. Mind, body, and world are thus functionally integrated from a sociocognitive perspective instead of radically separated.Learning plays a major part in this scenario: If environments are ever-changing, then adaptation to them is continuous. Learning is part of our natural ability to so adapt, while retaining traces of that adaptation in the integrated mind-body-world system. Viewed in this way, SLA is adaptation to/engagement with L2 environments.INTERACTION also plays a central role in sociocognitive SLA: We learn L2s through interacting with/in L2 environments. Founded on innate, universal skills which evolutionarily PRECEDED language and make it possible, interaction supports SLA at every turn. Having presented this argument, I illustrate it by analyzing a video clip of an EFL tutoring session, indicating various 'sociocognitive tools' for interactive alignment which undergird L2 development.

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The vocal communication of different kinds of smile

Cited by 51 publications

References 43 publications

Uncovering mental representations of smiled speech using reverse correlation

Uncovering mental representations of smiled speech using reverse correlation

The contribution of source–filter theory to mammal vocal communication research

Language learning in mindbodyworld: A sociocognitive approach to second language acquisition

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