The visual system’s intrinsic bias influences space perception in the impoverished environment.

Wu, Jun; He, Zijiang J.; Ooi, Teng Leng

doi:10.1037/a0033034

Cited by 15 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…Given this, and the fact that the region of high acuity is limited to the central 1 deg, some degree of persistence or integration of information is required to maintain perceptual stability of spatial layout. Assumptions or expectations that an object is resting on the ground can influence the object’s perceived location (Wu, He & Ooi, 2014). Similarly, other research suggests that information gained during long glimpses of an environment (e.g., 5 sec) influences subsequent distance judgments when targets are glimpsed very briefly (e.g., 100 ms; Gajewski et al, 2010; Gajewski et al, 2014).…”

Section: Mechanisms For Genuine Influences On Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action-specific influences on perception and postperceptual processes: Present controversies and future directions.

Philbeck¹,

Witt

2015

Psychological Bulletin

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The action-specific perception account holds that people perceive the environment in terms of their ability to act in it. In this view, for example, decreased ability to climb a hill due to fatigue makes the hill visually appear to be steeper. Though influential, this account has not been universally accepted, and in fact a heated controversy has emerged. The opposing view holds that action capability has little or no influence on perception. Heretofore, the debate has been quite polarized, with efforts largely being focused on supporting one view and dismantling the other. We argue here that polarized debate can impede scientific progress and that the search for similarities between two sides of a debate can sharpen the theoretical focus of both sides and illuminate important avenues for future research. In this paper, we present a synthetic review of this debate, drawing from the literatures of both approaches, to clarify both the surprising similarities and the core differences between them. We critically evaluate existing evidence, discuss possible mechanisms of action-specific effects, and make recommendations for future research. A primary focus of future work will involve not only the development of methods that guard against action-specific post-perceptual effects, but also development of concrete, well-constrained underlying mechanisms. The criteria for what constitutes acceptable control of post-perceptual effects and what constitutes an appropriately specific mechanism vary between approaches, and bridging this gap is a central challenge for future research.

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Section: Mechanisms For Genuine Influences On Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action-specific influences on perception and postperceptual processes: Present controversies and future directions.

Philbeck¹,

Witt

2015

Psychological Bulletin

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“…The ground plane is widely held to be an important reference for distal localization (e.g., Bian, Braunstein, & Andersen, 2005, 2006; Gibson, 1950, 1979; Sedgwick, 1986), and one theory, the sequential surface integration process (SSIP) theory, suggests that a visual representation of the ground surface is critically important for computing distance from angular declination (He, Wu, Ooi, Yarbrough, & Wu, 2004; Wu, He, & Ooi, 2008; Wu, Ooi, & He, 2004). By this account, when the ground is not visible, as when illuminated targets are presented in the dark, performance reflects a bias to localize objects as if resting on an upwardly slanting surface (Ooi, Wu, & He, 2006; Wu, He, & Ooi, 2014; Zhou, He, & Ooi, 2013). Thus, even when a horizontal ground plane can be assumed, as it can be when indoors, the SSIP theory suggests that the extraction of visual cues to ground slant provides a source of information that plays a pivotal role in optimal performance based on angular declination.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of age and set size on the fast extraction of egocentric distance

2015

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Angular direction is a source of information about the distance to floor-level objects that can be extracted from brief glimpses (near one's threshold for detection). Age and set size are two factors known to impact the viewing time needed to directionally localize an object, and these were posited to similarly govern the extraction of distance. The question here was whether viewing durations sufficient to support object detection (controlled for age and set size) would also be sufficient to support well-constrained judgments of distance. Regardless of viewing duration, distance judgments were more accurate (less biased towards underestimation) when multiple potential targets were presented, suggesting that the relative angular declinations between the objects are an additional source of useful information. Distance judgments were more precise with additional viewing time, but the benefit did not depend on set size and accuracy did not improve with longer viewing durations. The overall pattern suggests that distance can be efficiently derived from direction for floor-level objects. Controlling for age-related differences in the viewing time needed to support detection was sufficient to support distal localization but only when brief and longer glimpse trials were interspersed. Information extracted from longer glimpse trials presumably supported performance on subsequent trials when viewing time was more limited. This outcome suggests a particularly important role for prior visual experience in distance judgments for older observers.

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“…As is now known, the perceived locations are codetermined by the intrinsic bias and cues specifying spatial layout (Gajewski, Philbeck, Wirtz, & Chichka, 2013; J. Wu, He, & Ooi, 2013). In 2004, Ooi and He reported evidence of a sequential surface integration process in which a perceptual representation of the ground is sequentially built up by fixating or attending to different parts of the visible ground surface (He, J. Wu, Ooi, Yarbrough et al, 2004;J.…”

Section: Theory Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Provided that there is some visual information about the ground surface, the final representation of the ground surface is less inclined than the intrinsic bias (J. Wu et al, 2013). The more visual information that is available, the more accurate is the perceptual representation.…”

Section: Theory Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three theories for reconciling the linearity of egocentric distance perception with distortion of shape on the ground plane.

Loomis¹

2014

Psychology & Neuroscience

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The focus here is on the paradoxical finding that whereas visually perceived egocentric distance is proportional to physical distance out to at least 20 m under full-cue viewing, there are large distortions of shape within the same range, reflecting a large anisotropy of depth and frontal extents on the ground plane. Three theories of visual space perception are presented, theories that are relevant to understanding this paradoxical result. The theory by Foley, Ribeiro-Filho, and Da Silva is based on the idea that when the visual system computes the length of a visible extent, the effective visual angle is a non-linear increasing function of the actual visual angle. The theory of Durgin and Li is based on the idea that two angular measures, optical slant and angular declination, are over-perceived. The theory of Ooi and He is based on both a default perceptual representation of the ground surface in the absence of visual cues and the "sequential surface integration process" whereby an internal representation of the visible ground surface is constructed starting from beneath the observer's feet and extending outward.

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The visual system’s intrinsic bias influences space perception in the impoverished environment.

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Action-specific influences on perception and postperceptual processes: Present controversies and future directions.

Action-specific influences on perception and postperceptual processes: Present controversies and future directions.

The effects of age and set size on the fast extraction of egocentric distance

Three theories for reconciling the linearity of egocentric distance perception with distortion of shape on the ground plane.

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