The visual evoked potential in the mouse—Origins and response characteristics

Ridder, William H.; Nusinowitz, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.09.006

Cited by 98 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This may be due to the variation in axonal pathologies of the severe ON group, leading to a high variance in that group. It may also be due to imprecision of the method of VA measurement (Ridder and Nusinowitz, 2006). Optic nerves from three EAE mice with severe ON were not fully enhanced at the end of 5.5 hours post-injection (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal transport rate decreased at the onset of optic neuritis in EAE mice

et al. 2014

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Optic neuritis is frequently the first symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disease. Impaired axonal transport has been considered as an early event of neurodegenerative diseases. However, few studies have assessed the integrity of axonal transport in MS or its animal models. We hypothesize that axonal transport impairment occurs at the onset of optic neuritis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. In this study, we employed manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to assess axonal transport in optic nerves in EAE mice at the onset of optic neuritis. Axonal transport was assessed as (a) optic nerve Mn2+ accumulation rate (in % signal change/hour) by measuring the rate of increased total optic nerve signal enhancement, and (b) Mn2+ transport rate (in mm/hour) by measuring the rate of change in optic nerve length enhanced by Mn2+. Compared to sham-treated healthy mice, Mn2+ accumulation rate was significantly decreased by 19% and 38% for EAE mice with moderate and severe optic neuritis, respectively. The axonal transport rate of Mn2+ was significantly decreased by 43% and 65% for EAE mice with moderate and severe optic neuritis, respectively. The degree of axonal transport deficit correlated with the extent of impaired visual function and diminished microtubule-associated tubulins, as well as the severity of inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury at the onset of optic neuritis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal transport rate decreased at the onset of optic neuritis in EAE mice

et al. 2014

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“…If we accept that the VA measurement reflects overall electrophysiological competence as measured by VEP (Ridder and Nusinowitz, 2006), and that the optic nerve is the primary site of impaired visual function in this EAE animal model, then the VA measurement provides an indirect measure of optic nerve electrical competence. As expected, the VA of EAE optic neuritis eyes was significantly lower than in sham eyes (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on VEP measurement in the mouse visual system, the optimal visual stimulation condition in C57BL/6 mice has been determined (Ridder and Nusinowitz, 2006) and applied to this study. During diffusion measurement with visual stimulation, decreased ADC ⊥ and unchanged ADC ⊥ were observed in unblocked and blocked normal (sham) eyes, respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion fMRI detects white-matter dysfunction in mice with acute optic neuritis

Lin¹,

Spees²,

Chiang³

et al. 2014

Neurobiology of Disease

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Optic neuritis is a frequent and early symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) techniques provide means to assess multiple MS-related pathologies, including axonal injury, demyelination, and inflammation. A method to directly and non-invasively probe white-matter function could further elucidate the interplay of underlying pathologies and functional impairments. Previously, we demonstrated a significant 27% activation-associated decrease in the apparent diffusion coefficient of water perpendicular to the axonal fibers (ADC⊥) in normal C57BL/6 mouse optic nerve with visual stimulation using diffusion fMRI. Here we apply this approach to explore the relationship between visual acuity, optic nerve pathology, and diffusion fMRI in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of optic neuritis. Visual stimulation produced a significant 25% (vs. baseline) ADC⊥ decrease in sham EAE optic nerves, while only a 7% (vs. baseline) ADC⊥ decrease was seen in EAE mice with acute optic neuritis. The reduced activation-associated ADC⊥ response correlated with post-MRI immunohistochemistry determined pathologies (including inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury). The negative correlation between activation-associated ADC⊥ response and visual acuity was also found when pooling EAE-affected and sham groups under our experimental criteria. Results suggest that reduction in diffusion fMRI directly reflects impaired axonal-activation in EAE mice with optic neuritis. Diffusion fMRI holds promise for directly gauging in vivo white-matter dysfunction or therapeutic responses in MS patients.

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“…Small burr holes were drilled in the skull overlying the visual cortex on each side (2.5-3 mm parasagittal and 2-3 mm anterior to the lambdoid suture 19,20 ) for placement of small stainless steel screw electrodes (JI Morris, Southbridge, MA, USA). Dental cement secured the electrodes over the skull, with several sutures to close the scalp.…”

Section: Intracranial Electrode Implantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to Iba-1 antibody staining, the ON To monitor visual function, we recorded serial photopic flash VEP responses using electrodes implanted in the occipital lobes. Monocular light stimulation led to prominent contralateral occipital cortical responses, 20 with increasing amplitudes and decreasing latencies of the N 1 dominant peak in response to increasing luminance intensities (Figure 3a). We compared responses with 20 cd s/m 2 , the brightest light stimuli used, between the aBC-treated and the control groups.…”

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confidence: 98%