The vision heuristic: Judging music ensembles by sight alone

Tsay, Chia-Jung

doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.10.003

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Thus, it is difficult to conclude that high performance in the visual-only condition is due to gesturally conveyed expressiveness. This same issue is present in a conceptual replication of [1] using six-second clips of orchestral performances, with similar findings [7]. A more rigorous test of this proposal should present excerpts matched for the degree of motion across performers, excerpts filmed from identical angles or with extraneous visual information obscured, or excerpts where the degree of visual flair is experimentally manipulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Sight-over-sound judgments of music performances are replicable effects with limited interpretability

2018

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Virtuosi impress audiences with their musical expressivity and with their theatrical flair. How do listeners use this auditory and visual information to judge performance quality? Both musicians and laypeople report a belief that sound should trump sight in the judgment of music performance, but surprisingly, their actual judgments reflect the opposite pattern. In a recent study, when presented with 6-second videos of music competition performers, listeners accurately guessed the winners only when the videos were muted. Here, we successfully replicate this finding in a highly-powered sample but then demonstrate that the sight-over-sound effect holds only under limited conditions. When using different videos from comparable performances, in a forced-choice task, listeners' judgments were at or below chance. And when differences in performance quality were made clearer, listeners' judgments were most accurate when they could hear the music—without audio, performance was at chance. Sight therefore does not necessarily trump sound in the judgment of music performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Sight-over-sound judgments of music performances are replicable effects with limited interpretability

2018

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“…We do so prompted by the strength of empirical support for the impact of visual information in a range of domains and for many consequential outcomes. Visual information is often privileged in perception and decision making (Ambady and Rosenthal 1993, Benjamin and Shapiro 2009, Rule and Ambady 2008, Tsay 2013, 2014 and thus in considering types of transparency, visual transparency has the potential to generate more substantive benefits than forms of transparency based on other types of sensory information. After all, there is a rich literature on the impact of even static visual information upon our preferences and tastes.…”

Section: Seeing and Being Seen: Transparency Perceptions And Performentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The iPads were positioned to capture customers submitting orders and chefs preparing grill items. No sound was provided through either iPad, a design that ensured that only visual information was available to customers and employees without the possible effects of dyadic interactions or of information conveyed through other modalities (Tsay 2013(Tsay , 2014. By installing these silent "virtual windows," we were able to investigate the directional effects of operational transparency in a 2 (customers: observe, do not observe the chefs) × 2 (chefs: observe, do not observe the customers) experimental design.…”

Section: Design and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Revealing the delivery process can improve perceptions of the service provider and of the experience (Mohr andBitner 1995, Morales 2005). Relatedly, an understanding of the time and effort involved can enhance perceptions of outcome quality (Chinander andSchweitzer 2003, Kruger et al 2004); moreover, visual information can influence and even dominate more relevant metrics of quality (Ambady and Rosenthal 1993, Benjamin and Shapiro 2009, Rule and Ambady 2008, Tsay 2013, 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Creating Reciprocal Value Through Operational Transparency

Buell¹,

Kim

Tsay

2014

SSRN Journal

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We investigate whether organizations can create value by introducing visual transparency between consumers and producers. Although operational transparency has been shown to improve consumer perceptions of service value, existing theory posits that increased contact between consumers and producers may diminish work performance. Two field and three laboratory experiments in food service settings suggest that transparency that 1) allows customers to observe operational processes and 2) allows employees to observe customers not only improves customer perceptions, but also increases service quality and efficiency. In our fully specified models, the introduction of reciprocal operational transparency contributed to a 22.2% increase in customerreported quality and reduced throughput times by 19.2%. Laboratory studies revealed that customers who observed employees engaging in labor perceived greater effort, better appreciated that effort, and valued the service more. Employees who observed customers felt that their work was more appreciated and more impactful, and thus were more satisfied with their work and more willing to exert effort. We find that transparency, by visually revealing operating processes to consumers and beneficiaries to producers, generates a positive feedback loop through which value is created for both parties.

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“…There is evidence that individuals make a significantly greater number of comments about musical features of a performance than they do about visual aspects (Killian, 2001), which suggests that aural information is dominant in experiences of performance. However, participants have been shown to be significantly better at identifying competition winners using visual information only, compared to using aural information only (Tsay, 2013(Tsay, , 2014, which indicates a dominance of visual information. In findings that support this, Davidson (1993) reported that visual information was dominant in conveying a range of performance manners.…”

Section: Usic and Movement Are Intrinsicallymentioning

confidence: 91%

The Relative Importance of Aural and Visual Information in the Evaluation of Western Canon Music Performance by Musicians and Nonmusicians

Griffiths

Reay

2018

Music Perception

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AURAL AND VISUAL INFORMATION HAVE BEENshown to affect audience evaluations of music performance (Griffiths, 2010;Juslin, 2000); however, it is not fully understood which modality has the greatest relative impact upon judgements of performance or if the evaluator's musical expertise mediates this effect. An opportunity sample of thirty-four musicians (8 male, 26 female M age ¼ 26.4 years) and 26 nonmusicians (6 male, 20 female, M age ¼ 44.0 years) rated four video clips for technical proficiency, musicality, and overall performance quality using 7-point Likert scales. Two video performances of Debussy's Clare de lune (one professional, one amateur) were used to create the four video clips, comprising two clips with congruent modality information, and two clips with incongruent modality information. The incongruent clips contained the visual modality of one quality condition with the audio modality of the other. It was possible to determine which modality was most important in participants' evaluative judgements based on the modality of the professional quality condition in the clip that was rated most highly. The current study confirms that both aural and visual information can affect audience members' experience of musical performance. We provide evidence that visual information has a greater impact than aural information on evaluations of performance quality, as the incongruent clip with amateur audio þ professional video was rated significantly higher than that with professional audio þ amateur video. Participants' level of musical expertise was found to have no effect on their judgements of performance quality.

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The vision heuristic: Judging music ensembles by sight alone

Cited by 43 publications

References 57 publications

Sight-over-sound judgments of music performances are replicable effects with limited interpretability

Sight-over-sound judgments of music performances are replicable effects with limited interpretability

Creating Reciprocal Value Through Operational Transparency

The Relative Importance of Aural and Visual Information in the Evaluation of Western Canon Music Performance by Musicians and Nonmusicians

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