The Visible Human Male: A Technical Report

Spitzer, Victor M.; Ackerman, Michael J.; Scherzinger, Ann; Whitlock, David G.

doi:10.1136/jamia.1996.96236280

Cited by 625 publications

(417 citation statements)

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“…In VHP images, degeneration was observed in the uterus and ovaries because the subject was post-menopausal (59 years old), and the lateral sides of both arms were not shown because the subject was obese. In addition, image quality was not good because of the limited performances of the digital camera and personal computer used (Spitzer et al, 1996. At some websites, digital atlases of the VHP female images could be shown (http://vhp.med.umich.edu/ RegionalB.html).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available images include those of the Visible Human Project (VHP; male and female) conducted in the United States (Ackerman;Spitzer et al, 1996; the Chinese Visible Human (CVH; male and female) (Zhang et al, 2006) and the Virtual Chinese Human (VCH; male and female) (Tang et al, 2010;Yuan et al, 2008); and the Visible Korean (VK; male whole body, male head, and female pelvis) (Park et al, 2005aShin et al, 2013) (Table I). Male sectioned images of the VHP, CVH, and VK were used in many ways; for example, for creating atlases (Cho, 2009;, browsing software Shin et al, 2011Shin et al, , 2012a, and virtual dissection software (Schiemann et al, 2000;Spitzer & Scherzinger, 2006), and provided the facility of free access to three dimensional (3D) models in PDF files atlases (Shin et al, 2012b;Park et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Sectioned Images and Surface Models of the Whole Female Body

2015

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SUMMARY:The objective of this research was to present high-quality sectioned images of a whole female body which would be helpful in creating an atlas, virtual dissection, and various applications for medical education and clinical trial. In addition, the authors sought to demonstrate the applicabilities of sectioned images. A female cadaver was ground serially using the cryomacrotome and photographed to make the sectioned images. Structures in the images were segmented to produce segmented images in Photoshop. In the self-developed browsing software, the sectioned and segmented images were stored. Based on the segmented images, surface models were built on commercial software and saved as PDF file. High-quality sectioned images of the female body were taken (intervals, 0.2 mm or 1 mm; pixel size, 0.1 mm; color depth, 48 bit color). In the images obtained, very small and complicated structures could be identified in color of living body. In order to ascertain the applicability of the images, the browsing software including sectioned and segmented images and the PDF file including surface models were produced. The sectioned images and surface models produced during this research will prove to be a useful source for medical software. All data generated is available free of charge.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Sectioned Images and Surface Models of the Whole Female Body

2015

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“…An initial model of the human gastrointestinal system has been created from photographic slices from the visible human data set (Spitzer et al 1996). Details of the model development have been described in Pullan et al (2003).…”

Section: Human Gastrointestinal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) The skin surface enclosing the esophageous, stomach, small and large intestines where the components of the digestive system were created from digitized images from the visible man project (Spitzer et al 1996). (b) An enlarged view of the stomach with a high resolution mesh created over the finite elements that define the stomach geometry and (c) is an enlarged view of layers and muscle fibres on that stomach.…”

Section: Human Gastrointestinal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

An anatomical model of the gastric system for producing bioelectric and biomagnetic fields

et al. 2004

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Between 60 and 70 million people in the United States are affected by gastrointestinal disorders. Many of these conditions are difficult to assess without surgical intervention and accurate noninvasive techniques to aid in clinical assessment are needed. Through the use of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) gradiometer, the weak magnetic field generated as a result of muscular activity in the digestive system can be measured. However, the interpretation of these magnetic recordings remains a significant challenge. We have created an anatomically realistic biophysically based mathematical model of the human digestive system and using this model normal gastric electrical control activity (ECA) has been simulated. The external magnetic fields associated with this gastric ECA have also been computed and are shown to be in qualitative agreement with recordings taken from normal individuals. The model framework thus provides a rational basis from which to begin interpreting magnetic recordings from normal and diseased individuals.

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“…The Visible Human Project data set of the National Library of Medicine (11), the most complete computerized database of the human body ever assembled, enables the creation of 3D models of the human body based on cross-sectional images. The high-resolution data of the Visible Human Male is an ideal basis for a computerized atlas (3,6,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Visible Man: Three-dimensional Interactive Musculoskeletal Anatomic Atlas of the Lower Extremity

Kang¹,

Kim²,

Ryu³

et al. 2000

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A personal computer-based interactive musculoskeletal anatomic atlas of the lower extremity has been created by using the Visible Human Male data set. A semiautomatic segmentation program was developed by using an intelligent scissors approach and shape-based interpolation, thus considerably reducing the laborious work of the segmentation and labeling process. Manual contour extractions at 3-mm section intervals and shape-based interpolations of intervening sections of the musculoskeletal structures of the lower extremity were performed. For interactive and realistic three-dimensional display, an efficient binary volume rendering method was developed that introduces the concept of shear-warp factorization and applies a newly developed normal calculation technique. Binary volume rendering reconstructs various structures from a series of two-dimensional sections in a few seconds, thus enabling real-time manipulations of the computerized atlas. All of the muscles, tendons, and bones of the lower extremity have been segmented and labeled. The volume-based three-dimensional interactive atlas supports various interactions including rotation, removal, highlighting with artificial colors, arbitrary cutting operation, transparent view, and descriptive knowledge representation. In addition, browsing through the two-dimensional images of transverse, coronal, and sagittal views with labeling and segmentation information is possible.Abbreviations: 2D = two-dimensional, 3D = three-dimensional

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The Visible Human Male: A Technical Report

Cited by 625 publications

References 0 publications

Improved Sectioned Images and Surface Models of the Whole Female Body

Improved Sectioned Images and Surface Models of the Whole Female Body

An anatomical model of the gastric system for producing bioelectric and biomagnetic fields

The Visible Man: Three-dimensional Interactive Musculoskeletal Anatomic Atlas of the Lower Extremity

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