The Viscosity of Aqueous Alkali-Chloride Solutions up to 623 K, 1,000 bar, and High Ionic Strength

Mao, Shide; Duan, Zhenhao

doi:10.1007/s10765-009-0646-7

Cited by 81 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…5). The increase in solvent viscosity by addition of 4 M LiCl is 1.8 (44,45), and thus, it only accounts for a fraction of the slowdown; even if we assumed a maximal exponent of 1 for the viscosity dependence of the folding rate (46). From the viewpoint of a classical activated folding scenario, these results are seemingly incompatible with one another.…”

Section: Effects Of Protonation and Salt On The Ultra-fast Folding Kimentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effect of Electrostatics on the Marginal Cooperativity of an Ultrafast Folding Protein

Desai

Cerminara

Sadqi

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Proteins fold up by coordinating the different segments of their polypeptide chain through a network of weak cooperative interactions. Such cooperativity results in unfolding curves that are typically sigmoidal. However, we still do not know what factors modulate folding cooperativity or the minimal amount that ensures folding into specific three-dimensional structures. Here, we address these issues on BBL, a small helical protein that folds in microseconds via a marginally cooperative downhill process (Li, P., Oliva, F. Y., Naganathan, A. N., and Muñoz, V. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106, 103-108). Particularly, we explore the effects of salt-induced screening of the electrostatic interactions in BBL at neutral pH and in acid-denatured BBL. Our results show that electrostatic screening stabilizes the native state of the neutral and protonated forms, inducing complete refolding of acid-denatured BBL. Furthermore, without net electrostatic interactions, the unfolding process becomes much less cooperative, as judged by the broadness of the equilibrium unfolding curve and the relaxation rate. Our experiments show that the marginally cooperative unfolding of BBL can still be made twice as broad while the protein retains its ability to fold into the native three-dimensional structure in microseconds. This result demonstrates experimentally that efficient folding does not require cooperativity, confirming predictions from theory and computer simulations and challenging the conventional biochemical paradigm. Furthermore, we conclude that electrostatic interactions are an important factor in determining folding cooperativity. Thus, electrostatic modulation by pH-salt and/or mutagenesis of charged residues emerges as an attractive tool for tuning folding cooperativity.

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Section: Effects Of Protonation and Salt On The Ultra-fast Folding Kimentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effect of Electrostatics on the Marginal Cooperativity of an Ultrafast Folding Protein

Desai

Cerminara

Sadqi

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The dynamic viscosity model by Mao and Duan [59] was incorporated into the analysis tool to calculate the viscosity of NaCl solutions as a function of temperature, pressure and salinity.…”

Section: Viscosity Submodelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prerequisites for density-driven instabilities and convective mixing under broad geological CO2 storage conditions

Rasmusson

Fagerlund

Tsang

et al. 2015

Advances in Water Resources

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Prerequisites for density-driven instabilities and convective mixing under broad geological CO 2 storage conditions, Advances in Water Resources (2015), Highlights We develop an instability onset, onset time and steady convective flux-analysis tool.  A systematic analysis of prerequisites for enhanced solubility trapping is presented.  Indirect thermal effects on enhanced solubility trapping are non-negligible.  Shallow storage depths favor density-driven instability onset and short onset times.  Salinity determines the storage depth at which the largest convective fluxes occur. AbstractDirect atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions can be greatly reduced by CO 2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers. One of the most secure and important mechanisms of CO 2 trapping over large time scales is solubility trapping. In addition, the CO 2 dissolution rate is greatly enhanced if density-driven convective mixing occurs. We present a systematic analysis of the prerequisites for density-driven instability and convective mixing over the broad temperature, pressure, salinity and permeability conditions that are found in geological CO 2 storage. The onset of instability (Rayleigh-Darcy number, ), the onset time of instability and the steady convective flux are comprehensively calculated using a newly developed analysis tool that accounts for the thermodynamic and salinity dependence on solutally and thermally induced density change, viscosity, molecular and thermal diffusivity. Additionally, the relative influences of field characteristics are analysed through local and global sensitivity analyses.The results help to elucidate the trends of the , onset time of instability and steady convective flux under field conditions. The impacts of storage depth and basin type (geothermal gradient) are also explored and the conditions that favour or hinder enhanced solubility trapping are identified. Contrary to previous studies, we conclude that the geothermal gradient has a non-negligible effect on density-driven instability and convective mixing when considering both direct and indirect thermal effects because cold basin conditions, for instance, render higher compared to warm basin conditions. We also show that the largest is obtained for conditions that correspond to relatively shallow depths, measuring approximately 800 m, indicating that CO 2 storage at such depths favours the onset of density-driven instability and reduces onset times. However, shallow depths do not necessarily provide conditions that generate the largest steady convective fluxes; the salinity determines the storage depth at which the largest steady convective fluxes occur.

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“…Therefore, aquifers with large structural traps or with very large amounts of Dashed line at 800 m marks the minimum depth recommended for CO 2 injection. Two examples of brines are shown: low salinity 1 molal NaCl (5.5 mass% NaCl) and high salinity 5.5 molal NaCl (24.3 mass% NaCl), from data in Mao and Duan (2009) and Akinfiev and Diamond (2010). Data for pure CO 2 from Span and Wagner (1996).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Co 2 Trapping In Saline Aquifersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for deep geological sequestration of CO2 in Switzerland: a first appraisal

Chevalier

Diamond

Leu³

2010

Swiss J Geosci

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Possibilities to sequester anthropogenic CO 2 in deep geological formations are being investigated worldwide, but the potential within Switzerland has not yet been evaluated. This study presents a first-order appraisal based solely on geological criteria collated from the literature. The Swiss Molasse Basin (SMB) and the adjacent Folded Jura are the only realms of the country where CO 2 could conceivably be stored in saline aquifers. Evaluation of geological criteria at the basin-wide scale shows that the SMB-Jura has moderate potential (score of 0.6 on a scale from 0 to 1) when compared to basins elsewhere. At the intrabasinal scale, inspection of the stratigraphy reveals four regional candidate aquifers that are sealed by suitable caprocks: top Basement plus basal Mesozoic sandstones,

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The Viscosity of Aqueous Alkali-Chloride Solutions up to 623 K, 1,000 bar, and High Ionic Strength

Cited by 81 publications

References 50 publications

The Effect of Electrostatics on the Marginal Cooperativity of an Ultrafast Folding Protein

The Effect of Electrostatics on the Marginal Cooperativity of an Ultrafast Folding Protein

Prerequisites for density-driven instabilities and convective mixing under broad geological CO2 storage conditions

Potential for deep geological sequestration of CO2 in Switzerland: a first appraisal

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