The Virus Watch Program: A Continuing Surveillance of Viral Infections in Metropolitan New York Families

Elveback, Lila R.; Fox, John P.; Ketler, Albert; Brandt, Carl D.; Wassermann, Felix E.; Hall, Carrie E.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120596

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Although rhinoviruses are the principal cause of common colds in adults (17,18), they do not infect the gastrointestinal tract, presumably because they fail to pass the acidity of the stomach in a viable state. ECHO viruses are prevalent in the intestine as asymptomatic infections, but they have been isolated relatively infrequently from adults and children with acute respiratory illnesses (11,19).…”

Section: Echo-i 1 As a Respiratory Virus: Quantitation Of Infection Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Received for publication 11 October 1967 and in revised form 17 January 1968. but failed to elicit a significant antibody response in 93% or immunity to reinfection and another illness upon rechallenge. Larger doses of virus produced a longer excretion of virus and a significant increase in serum-neutralizing antibody.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, infection with ECHO-11 virus has been found in cases of aseptic meningitis, (4-6), exanthem (7), acute gastroenteritis (8,9), and acute respiratory disease (10,11). In studies of acute respiratory disease in a day nursery in Sweden, Philipson isolated seven strains of the The Journal of Clinical Investigation Volume 47 1968U (Uppsala) virus from cases of nondiphtheritic croup.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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ECHO-11 as a respiratory virus: quantitation of infection in man

Saliba¹,

Franklin²,

Jackson³

1968

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Through a series of controlled experiments in volunteers, quantitative aspects of infection, illness, and immunity to ECHO-11 virus were studied. ECHO-11 is a transmissable viral infection in man and equally infectious to the upper respiratory and the intestinal tracts. The rate of infection was directly related to the dose of virus exposure, but any infectious dose of virus produced illness in only about one-third of the infected subjects. The infectious dose for man varied over a billionfold range. Larger challenge doses caused no difference in the local symptoms at the portal of entry or in the peak severity of illness, but symptoms were more diverse and prolonged after a higher dose. Persons with asymptomatic infections became just as heavily infected as ill persons.In respiratory secretions from natural infection, the titer of infectious virus was found to be about 102 median infective doses in tissue culture (TCID50)/ml. At this level, up to 40% of exposed contacts could be infected per milliliter of secretion.The observed rate of spread was 24%. This lowdose inoculum caused illness in 12%o' of volunteers

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Section: Echo-i 1 As a Respiratory Virus: Quantitation Of Infection Imentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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ECHO-11 as a respiratory virus: quantitation of infection in man

Saliba¹,

Franklin²,

Jackson³

1968

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Hurrell et al (1971) studied two normal families at weekly intervals for a period of almost 2 years and found a virus isolation rate in the children of 2-3 viruses per child a year. The only other reported survey of virus infections in normal children is from the Seattle Virus Watch Programme but it is difficult to obtain a clear picture of virus isolation rates (Elveback et al, 1966). The isolation rate of 2-2 viruses per child a year, during the second phase of the current study suggests that children with leukaemia may not be more susceptible than normal .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Virus infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Craft¹,

Reid²,

Gardner³

et al. 1979

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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SUMMARY The pattern of virus isolation and illness was studied in 64 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) during periods of apparent infection and when the children were well. The virus isolation rate of 2.2 viruses per child a year is similar to that previously found in normal children. In only 32% of children with symptoms were viruses found and 14.5% had viruses isolated when asymptomatic. The children with ALL appear to be more vulnerable to multiple virus infections and to excrete the virus for longer periods. This may be due to failure of production of both local and systemic antibodies. The failure in the past to recognise the true importance of virus infections in ALL may have been due to inadequate diagnostic techniques.Infections are playing an increasingly important role in the death of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and viruses are emerging as important pathogens . While it is recognised that varicella zoster and measles may be particularly severe in the immunosuppressed host (Feldman and Cox, 1976), it has been suggested that the common upper respiratory virus infections are neither more frequent nor more severe in children with ALL (Levine et al., 1974). However, there has been little systematic study of virus infections in this disease. In the present investigation viruses were studied in children with ALL, both when an infection was suspected and when the children were well. The results are presented in the light of locally acquired experience of virus infections in normal children. Patients and methods 64 children with ALL, 34 boys and 30 girls, were followed for at least 2 months, some for as long as 33 months. Their ages at diagnosis ranged from 1 1 to 14 years. All were being treated with conventional combination chemotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation and most were on a modified ALGB 6801 regimen . During the initial phase of the investigation children were studied only when they were suspected of having an infection. 31 such children were followed for a total of 468 patient months. The remaining 33 children were investigated when they were infected and also routinely at monthly intervals. They were followed for a total of 397 patient months. When an infection was suspected a specimen of nasopharyngeal secretion was investigated by the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) (Gardner and McQuillin, 1974

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“…There is disagreement about whether the viruses which cause common colds can be carried by adults, and how important this is in epidemiology. The pattern of virus infection revealed by long-term studies, such as the virus watch programme (Elveback et al 1966), is of a series of short infections with different viruses, and in the case of influenza virus disappearance of the current strain when a new serotype appears. On the other hand, adenoviruses may be shed by children for periods of months and recove"ed from the tonsils in a high proportion of cases, without evidence of acute respiratory infection, and non-respiratory viruses such as those of the herpes group often persist for the lifetime of a man.…”

Section: Broth Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%