The Virtual Focus Group

Popenko, Natalie; Devcic, Zlatko; Karimi, Koohyar; Wong, Brian J. F.

doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e31825dcb48

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare NTP ideals from a population-based perspective, with data derived from nearly 4000 completed surveys. This level of statistical power is possible from the use of social-network groups (or virtual focus groups), a sampling method validated by Popenko et al 10 To our knowledge, this is also the first study to acknowledge rotation as having a mathematical effect on NTP ratio calculations. Although the study by Devcic et al 6 used populationbased methods to indirectly ascertain relationships between the methods examined here, it did not control for features other than the nasal profile when comparing attractiveness between faces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This database of images has been used in previous studies. 6,9,10,16,17 The synthetic images are 50:50 composites, each derived from 2 actual lateral facial photographs. Using actual patient photographs would have required extensive written informed consent, likely deterring accrual of the sample.…”

Section: Image Database and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify both an ideal NTP and nasal tip rotation using a populationbased method that involves online social-network volunteers, a method validated in previous work. 9,10 In the present study we also used a novel method for assessing facial attractiveness that is an established business and marketing analytic (paired comparison analysis). 11 This method allows the researcher to convert subjective pairwise comparisons into relative quality scores or preference ranks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population-Based Assessment of Currently Proposed Ideals of Nasal Tip Projection and Rotation in Young Women

Ahmed

Dhinsa

Popenko

et al. 2014

JAMA Facial Plast Surg

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IMPORTANCE There is no universally accepted quantitative metric that defines the ideal nasal tip rotation and projection. OBJECTIVE To identify the ideal nasal tip projection (NTP) and rotation by using 3 classic NTP methods (Crumley 1, Crumley 2, and Goode). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Lateral facial portraits of normal-appearing white women aged 18 to 25 years were selected from a previously validated and attractivenessscored database of images. Each image was digitally modified to fit the NTP ideals outlined by the Crumley 1, Crumley 2, and Goode methods with columellar facial angles (rotation metric) of 96°, 101°, 106°, 111°, and 116°(15 modified images per portrait). These variants were incorporated into electronic surveys that were distributed to traditional focus-group and online social-network participants. Analysis was performed using paired comparison analysis, a consumer preference research analytic. The traditional focus-group participants were undergraduate students at the University of California, Irvine, whose online social-network contacts were also used. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mean ranks.RESULTS There were no significant differences in preference between the traditional focus-group (n = 106) and online participants (n = 3872) (P > .05). The most preferred rotation variant for all 3 NTP methods was 106°(Crumley 1: mean rank, 2.11 [95% CI, 2.07-2.16]; Crumley 2: mean rank, 2.07 [95% CI, 2.02-2.12]; and Goode: mean rank, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.99-2.11]; P < .001). Crumley 1 was considered to be the most attractive NTP method (mean rank, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.82-1.85]; P < .001) overall and was the most preferred NTP method for faces of above-average attractiveness (mean rank, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.76-1.80]; P < .001). No significantly preferred NTP method was found for faces of average attractiveness (P > .05). The most aesthetic combination of tip rotation and projection was a columellar facial angle of 106°with the Crumley 1 tip projection. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to attempt to simultaneously determine the ideal NTP and rotation. Each classic NTP method uses measurements dependent on both projection and rotation; thus, ideal rotation for each NTP method must be determined before comparison of the ideals. A rotation of 106°( columellar facial angle) was found to be the most aesthetic. The Crumley 1 method was determined to be the most attractive nasal tip variant overall. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Image Database and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Population-Based Assessment of Currently Proposed Ideals of Nasal Tip Projection and Rotation in Young Women

Ahmed

Dhinsa

Popenko

et al. 2014

JAMA Facial Plast Surg

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“…First, the modes compared in the literature are very limited. Most of the chat-based groups have been asynchronous rather than real time [7,8,12-14], and only 1 study has examined video-based groups [15], which are an increasingly common offering from market research firms. Second, almost all virtual group participants either have been drawn from panels of known Internet users [14,16] or represent specialized populations, such as college students and active military personnel [6-9,13,15,17], all of which restrict the generalizability of study findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, many studies employ weak or subjective measurements to assess virtual focus group characteristics, including expert rankings, research team commentaries, or self-reported participant preferences [4,7,9,14,16,18]. Almost no study has employed rigorous or objective measures to assess virtual group performance [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Versus In-Person Focus Groups: Comparison of Costs, Recruitment, and Participant Logistics

Rupert¹,

Poehlman²,

Hayes³

et al. 2017

J Med Internet Res

103

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BackgroundVirtual focus groups—such as online chat and video groups—are increasingly promoted as qualitative research tools. Theoretically, virtual groups offer several advantages, including lower cost, faster recruitment, greater geographic diversity, enrollment of hard-to-reach populations, and reduced participant burden. However, no study has compared virtual and in-person focus groups on these metrics.ObjectiveTo rigorously compare virtual and in-person focus groups on cost, recruitment, and participant logistics. We examined 3 focus group modes and instituted experimental controls to ensure a fair comparison.MethodsWe conducted 6 1-hour focus groups in August 2014 using in-person (n=2), live chat (n=2), and video (n=2) modes with individuals who had type 2 diabetes (n=48 enrolled, n=39 completed). In planning groups, we solicited bids from 6 virtual platform vendors and 4 recruitment firms. We then selected 1 platform or facility per mode and a single recruitment firm across all modes. To minimize bias, the recruitment firm employed different recruiters by mode who were blinded to recruitment efforts for other modes. We tracked enrollment during a 2-week period. A single moderator conducted all groups using the same guide, which addressed the use of technology to communicate with health care providers. We conducted the groups at the same times of day on Monday to Wednesday during a single week. At the end of each group, participants completed a short survey.ResultsVirtual focus groups offered minimal cost savings compared with in-person groups (US $2000 per chat group vs US $2576 per in-person group vs US $2,750 per video group). Although virtual groups did not incur travel costs, they often had higher management fees and miscellaneous expenses (eg, participant webcams). Recruitment timing did not differ by mode, but show rates were higher for in-person groups (94% [15/16] in-person vs 81% [13/16] video vs 69% [11/16] chat). Virtual group participants were more geographically diverse (but with significant clustering around major metropolitan areas) and more likely to be non-white, less educated, and less healthy. Internet usage was higher among virtual group participants, yet virtual groups still reached light Internet users. In terms of burden, chat groups were easiest to join and required the least preparation (chat = 13 minutes, video = 40 minutes, in-person = 78 minutes). Virtual group participants joined using laptop or desktop computers, and most virtual participants (82% [9/11] chat vs 62% [8/13] video) reported having no other people in their immediate vicinity.ConclusionsVirtual focus groups offer potential advantages for participant diversity and reaching less healthy populations. However, virtual groups do not appear to cost less or recruit participants faster than in-person groups. Further research on virtual group data quality and group dynamics is needed to fully understand their advantages and limitations.

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A Quantitative Approach to Determining the Ideal Female Lip Aesthetic and Its Effect on Facial Attractiveness

Popenko

Tripathi

Devcic

et al. 2017

JAMA Facial Plast Surg

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IMPORTANCE Aesthetic proportions of the lips and their effect on facial attractiveness are poorly defined. Established guidelines would aid practitioners in achieving optimal aesthetic outcomes during cosmetic augmentation.OBJECTIVE To assess the most attractive lip dimensions of white women based on attractiveness ranking of surface area, ratio of upper to lower lip, and dimensions of the lip surface area relative to the lower third of the face. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn phase 1 of this study, synthetic morph frontal digital images of the faces of 20 white women ages 18 to 25 years old were used to generate 5 varied lip surface areas for each face. These 100 faces were cardinally ranked by attractiveness through our developed conventional and internet-based focus groups by 150 participants. A summed ranking score of each face was plotted to quantify the most attractive surface area. In phase 2 of the study, 4 variants for each face were created with 15 of the most attractive images manipulating upper to lower lip ratios while maintaining the most attractive surface area from phase 1. A total of 60 faces were created, and each ratio was ranked by attractiveness by 428 participants (internet-based focus groups). In phase 3, the surface area from the most attractive faces was used to determine the total lip surface area relative to the lower facial third.

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The Virtual Focus Group

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Population-Based Assessment of Currently Proposed Ideals of Nasal Tip Projection and Rotation in Young Women

Population-Based Assessment of Currently Proposed Ideals of Nasal Tip Projection and Rotation in Young Women

Virtual Versus In-Person Focus Groups: Comparison of Costs, Recruitment, and Participant Logistics

A Quantitative Approach to Determining the Ideal Female Lip Aesthetic and Its Effect on Facial Attractiveness

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