The virtual approach to the assessment of skeletal injuries in human skeletal remains of forensic importance

Urbanová, Petra; Ross, Ann H.; Jurda, Mikoláš; Šplíchalová, Ivana

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2017.05.015

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Virtual anthropology is an ever evolving field within biological anthropology and is used as a tool in forensic anthropology as means for sex and age estimation, trauma analysis, and commingled remains analysis, among other uses [55][56][57]. The feasibility of using virtual data in place of the traditional dry bone macroscopic observation has been tested for morphological and metric assessments [35,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex estimation in a Turkish population using Purkait’s triangle: a virtual approach by 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT)

García-Donas

Örs

İnci

et al. 2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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Sex estimation is considered one of the first steps in the forensic identification process. Morphological and morphometrical differences between males and females have been used as means for morphoscopic and metric methods on both cranial and postcranial skeletal elements. When dry skeletal elements are not available, virtual data can be used as a substitute. The present research explores 3-dimensional (3D) scans from a Turkish population to test a sex estimation method developed by Purkait (2005). Overall, 296 individuals were used in this study (158 males and 138 females). Purkait's triangle parameters were measured on computed tomography (CT) scans obtained from both right and left femora of each patient at the Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training Research Hospital (Istanbul, Turkey). Intra-and inter-observer errors were assessed for all variables through technical error of measurements analysis. Bilateral asymmetry and sex differences were evaluated using parametric and non-parametric statistical approaches. Univariate and multivariate discriminant function analyses were then conducted. Observer errors demonstrated an overall agreement within and between experts, as indicated by technical error of measurement (TEM) results. No bilateral asymmetries were reported, and all parameters demonstrated a statistically significant difference between males and females. Fourteen discriminant models were generated by applying single and combined parameters, producing a total correct sex classification ranging from 78.4% to 92.6%. In addition, over 67% of the total sample was accurately classified, with 95% or greater posterior probabilities. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of 3D sex estimation using Purkait's triangle on a Turkish population, with accuracy rates comparable to those reported in other populations. This is the first attempt to apply this method on virtual data and although further validation and standardisation are recommended for its application on dry bone, this research constitutes a significant contribution to the development of population-specific standards when only virtual data are available. KEY POINTS• CT analysis using Purkait's triangle is a suitable tool for assessment of sex in unidentified individuals. • The best overall estimation rate was achieved with the F11 model, with around 92% of accuracy. • The results suggested 78.4% to 92.6% correct sex identification rates.• More research is needed to expand the sample set and verify the results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex estimation in a Turkish population using Purkait’s triangle: a virtual approach by 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT)

García-Donas

Örs

İnci

et al. 2021

Forensic Sciences Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They protect the integrity of forensic evidence. They are produced dimensionally in the actual size or increased or reduced scale for emphasizing the specifications of the evidence 4,24 , as shown in Figure 4. Although we depend on 2D and 3D images, 3D printed models provide various advantages over 3D images and photographs 17 .…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of 3d Printing In Criminal Forensicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, verifications are done to fill in areas where data are missing 38 . In some situations, printed elements do not display the sharpness of originals, especially in borderline regions 4 .…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of 3d Printing In Criminal Forensicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extra structures sustaining the actual object are removed (manually or using the aid of a scalpel). It is easily manageable due to the constructed supports' fragility, but the extra material can leave visible or palpable residues on the final physical model 4 .…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of 3d Printing In Criminal Forensicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three-dimensional printing (3D), or rapid prototyping, was introduced in the 1980s 3 . Although its commercial application is relatively new, specialists can construct physical objects based on computerized aided concepts or digital reproduction of a real-life object 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impressão 3D na medicina legal e resolução de crimes: revisão integrativa da literatura

Vargas

Coutinho

2021

Rev. Med. (São Paulo)

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A tecnologia de impressão 3D oportunizou explorações em novas áreas biológicas, como na Medicina Legal, auxiliando na resolução de crimes. Considerando o uso dessa tecnologia na Perícia Criminal, este trabalho consiste em uma revisão literária que visa relatar a contribuição da impressão 3D na solução de atos criminosos. Foram relatadas as principais impressões 3D utilizadas, suas vantagens e desvantagens. Como adjuvante, foram apresentadas ainda as técnicas moleculares em impressões 3D que podem auxiliar na resolução de crimes. A análise dos dados revelou que o uso da tecnologia de impressão 3D colaborou nos laudos periciais que elucidaram investigações conduzidas na área criminal. A tecnologia apresentou-se como opção por reduzir custos, prazos e impactos invasivos sobre o corpo em contextos forenses. Concluiu-se que é preciso planejar a construção do objeto levando em conta restrições técnicas das impressoras 3D, principalmente o processo de digitalização. Além disso, determinar qual método computacional combinar para se obter os melhores resultados na Medicina Legal é passo crítico no processo de impressão.

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Investigating trauma in mummified remains using finite element analysis

Jurda

2024

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Anthropologists evaluate injuries in skeletal remains by examining their macroscopic and microscopic features, utilizing empirical and theoretical knowledge about trauma formation and healing. Finite element analysis (FEA), which enables computational simulation of the structural stress on bone tissue and skeletal components based on their shape and defined physical properties, could be used to supplement such assessments. This study evaluates FEA's applicability for simulating injuries observed in historical skeletal materials by confronting the method with a lower limb trauma observed in nearly 300‐year‐old mummified remains. The simulations were computed using algorithms integrated into the Mechanical Finder software. Postmortem computed tomography (CT) data were acquired using a Phillips Brilliance CT 64 scanner with a slice thickness of 0.3 mm and a 1024 × 1024 matrix. The dynamic simulations focused on exploring the relationship between the direction and speed of the projectile and the formation and propagation of skeletal trauma. FEA provided insight into the mechanical limits of the affected bones across varying projectile velocities and impact directions. The observed fractures most closely matched the results of the simulation where the projectile struck from the lateral side. The obtained information supplemented the osteological diagnosis based on the visual assessment of the trauma. However, the informational value of the results was reduced because the software did not show the spread of finer fractures and was unable to simulate covering soft tissues. On a general level, Mechanical Finder facilitates the simulation of bone biomechanics primarily through its ability to create nonhomogeneous FEA models directly from CT scans. Nevertheless, its usage remains challenging for experts without a biomechanical background.

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The virtual approach to the assessment of skeletal injuries in human skeletal remains of forensic importance

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Sex estimation in a Turkish population using Purkait’s triangle: a virtual approach by 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT)

Sex estimation in a Turkish population using Purkait’s triangle: a virtual approach by 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT)

Impressão 3D na medicina legal e resolução de crimes: revisão integrativa da literatura

Investigating trauma in mummified remains using finite element analysis

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