The Villous Cytotrophoblast as an Index of Placental Ischaemia

Fox, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1964.tb04375.x

Cited by 91 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Besides, a very recent study reported that the miR-130 family members, including miR-130a and miR-130b, the latter of which was also found to be upregulated in sPE plasma samples in this study, regulated HIF1a signaling via targeting P-body protein DDX6, which promoted the translation of HIF1a under hypoxia (Saito et al 2011). In addition, it has long been believed that cytotrophoblast proliferation is upregulated in low oxygen concentrations (Fox 1964), which is further supported by the phenomenon that there are increased numbers of cytotrophoblast cells in the placenta at high altitude (Ali 1997), indicating the cell cycle is altered in preeclamptic placenta. However, more investigation is required to determine the mechanisms whereby the seven circulating miRNAs were elevated in sPE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Circulating microRNAs are elevated in plasma from severe preeclamptic pregnancies

Zhou²,

Lin³

et al. 2012

Reproduction

171

137

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Until recently, the molecular pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) remained largely unknown. Reports have shown that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising novel biomarkers for cancer, pregnancy, tissue injury, and other conditions. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in plasma from severe preeclamptic pregnancies compared with plasma from normal pregnancies. By mature miRNA microarray analysis, 15 miRNAs, including 13 up-and two downregulated miRNAs, were screened to be differentially expressed in plasma from women with severe PE (sPE). Seven miRNAs, namely miR-24, miR-26a, miR-103, miR-130b, miR-181a, miR-342-3p, and miR-574-5p, were validated to be elevated in plasma from severe preeclamptic pregnancies by real-time quantitative stem-loop RT-PCR analysis. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these miRNAs were involved in specific biological process categories (including regulation of metabolic processes, regulation of transcription, and cell cycle) and signaling pathways (including the MAP kinase signaling pathway, the transforming growth factor-b signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer metastasis). This study presents, for the first time, the differential expression profile of circulating miRNAs in sPE patients. The seven elevated circulating miRNAs may play critical roles in the pathogenesis of sPE, and one or more of them may become potential markers for diagnosing sPE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Circulating microRNAs are elevated in plasma from severe preeclamptic pregnancies

Zhou²,

Lin³

et al. 2012

Reproduction

171

137

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“…Five mm wide sections from each block of randomly orientated, were cut from each slice and stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for identification of cytotrophoblastic cells and syncytial knots, respectively. Cytotrophoblastic cells and syncytial knots were counted in 40 terminal villi from 40 different, but randomly selected, fields in each section stained by H&E. Histological identification of syncytial knots and the cytotrophoblastic cells was done according to Fox (1964). The number of villi with cytotrophoblastic cells and syncytial knots were recorded and the results expressed as percentage of total.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Birth Weight, Body Shape and Body Composition at Birth to Altitude in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2016

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SUMMARY:The objective of this work was to study the effect of high altitude on full term birth weight, body shape and body composition of newborn infants. Twenty five healthy pregnant Saudi women and their healthy newborns from high altitude (2850-3150 m) and equal numbers from low altitude (500 m). For each pregnant woman haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value and blood pressures were measured and recorded immediately after admission to hospital for delivery. Fetal haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit value were determined immediately after delivery. Determination of the newborn's body shape and composition were made from anthropometric measurements which were performed two hours after delivery. Placental weight was determined immediately after its delivery. Placentae were then examined histologically. Compared with their respectives from lowland, the pregnant women from high altitude and their placentae showed haemotogical and histological changes suggestive of maternal and placental hypoxia respectively. There was no haematological evidence suggesting that the high altitude fetuses experienced a greater degree of hypoxia in utero than did the low altitude fetuses. Compared with lowland newborns highland newborns were significantly lighter but fatter and have significantly greater head circumference: birth weight ratios and abdominal circumferences. These differences in body physique between high and lowland neoborns appeared to be mainly secondary to placental hypoxia resulting from maternal hypoxia which in turn was caused by high altitude hypoxia. The altered body physique at birth due to high altitude hypoxia appeared to be not mediated by fetal hypoxia, but possibly by other mechanisms induced by placental hypoxia.

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“…The placenta in pre-eclampsia usually has a normal weight and surface area (Teasdale 1985). However, there is marked proliferation of villous cytotrophoblast cells (Fox 1964;Jones and Fox 1980;Arnholdt et al 1991;Redline and Patterson 1995) and the syncytiotrophoblast shows focal necrosis (Jones and Fox 1980). In addition, trophoblast invasion of the uterine spiral arteries and their remodelling of the spiral arteries is frequently reduced (Brosens et al 1972;Gerretsen et al 1981;Khong et al 1986).…”

Section: Placental Dysfunction In Human Intrauterine Growth Restrictimentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental function in development and disease

Cross

2006

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

112

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Abstract. The placenta is an organ that clinicians and embryologists would all agree is important for pregnancy success. Unfortunately, however, they too often ignore it when they are exploring causes for embryonic, fetal and perinatal complications. The core function of the placenta is to mediate the transport of nutrients between the maternal and fetal circulation, but it also has critical endocrine functions that alter different maternal physiological systems in order to sustain pregnancy. Both its development and ongoing functions can be dynamically regulated by environmental factors, including nutrient status and tissue oxygenation. In recent years, mainstream attention has begun to shift onto the placenta and it is now becoming clear that placental pathology is associated with several complications in human and animal pregnancies, including embryonic lethality, fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia and the high rates of fetal deaths observed after nuclear transfer (cloning).

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The Villous Cytotrophoblast as an Index of Placental Ischaemia

Cited by 91 publications

References 16 publications

Circulating microRNAs are elevated in plasma from severe preeclamptic pregnancies

Circulating microRNAs are elevated in plasma from severe preeclamptic pregnancies

The Relationship of Birth Weight, Body Shape and Body Composition at Birth to Altitude in Saudi Arabia

Placental function in development and disease

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