The viable role of activated carbon for the effective remediation of refinery and petrochemical wastewaters

Conversion of carbon black recovered from waste tires into activated carbon via chemical/microwave methods for efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater

“… 34 This ratio serves as an indicator of the number of structural defects and also measures the degree of exposure of edge planes, making it a frequently utilized measure for evaluating the level of structural order. 35 It is well established that a carbon structure with a high degree of defects is associated with a higher I D / I G ratio. 27 The I D / I G ratio of C-AC and MC-AC is slightly higher than 1, which indicates that both structures are of reasonable crystalline and ordered nature.…”